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Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activa...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lamplugh, Zachary, Fan, Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485
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author Lamplugh, Zachary
Fan, Yi
author_facet Lamplugh, Zachary
Fan, Yi
author_sort Lamplugh, Zachary
collection PubMed
description Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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spelling pubmed-87209702022-01-04 Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy Lamplugh, Zachary Fan, Yi Front Immunol Immunology Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8720970/ /pubmed/34987525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lamplugh and Fan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Lamplugh, Zachary
Fan, Yi
Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title_full Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title_short Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
title_sort vascular microenvironment, tumor immunity and immunotherapy
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485
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