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Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activa...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485 |
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author | Lamplugh, Zachary Fan, Yi |
author_facet | Lamplugh, Zachary Fan, Yi |
author_sort | Lamplugh, Zachary |
collection | PubMed |
description | Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8720970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87209702022-01-04 Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy Lamplugh, Zachary Fan, Yi Front Immunol Immunology Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8720970/ /pubmed/34987525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lamplugh and Fan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Lamplugh, Zachary Fan, Yi Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title | Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title_full | Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title_fullStr | Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title_short | Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy |
title_sort | vascular microenvironment, tumor immunity and immunotherapy |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lamplughzachary vascularmicroenvironmenttumorimmunityandimmunotherapy AT fanyi vascularmicroenvironmenttumorimmunityandimmunotherapy |