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Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals

Antibodies (Abs) are essential for the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2, and all the vaccines developed so far have been designed to induce Abs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Many studies have examined Ab responses in the blood from vaccinated and infected individuals. However, since SARS-Co...

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Autores principales: Klingler, Jéromine, Lambert, Gregory S., Itri, Vincenza, Liu, Sean, Bandres, Juan C., Enyindah-Asonye, Gospel, Liu, Xiaomei, Simon, Viviana, Gleason, Charles R., Kleiner, Giulio, Chiu, Hsin-Ping, Hung, Chuan-Tien, Kowdle, Shreyas, Amanat, Fatima, Lee, Benhur, Zolla-Pazner, Susan, Upadhyay, Chitra, Hioe, Catarina E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987505
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.759688
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author Klingler, Jéromine
Lambert, Gregory S.
Itri, Vincenza
Liu, Sean
Bandres, Juan C.
Enyindah-Asonye, Gospel
Liu, Xiaomei
Simon, Viviana
Gleason, Charles R.
Kleiner, Giulio
Chiu, Hsin-Ping
Hung, Chuan-Tien
Kowdle, Shreyas
Amanat, Fatima
Lee, Benhur
Zolla-Pazner, Susan
Upadhyay, Chitra
Hioe, Catarina E.
author_facet Klingler, Jéromine
Lambert, Gregory S.
Itri, Vincenza
Liu, Sean
Bandres, Juan C.
Enyindah-Asonye, Gospel
Liu, Xiaomei
Simon, Viviana
Gleason, Charles R.
Kleiner, Giulio
Chiu, Hsin-Ping
Hung, Chuan-Tien
Kowdle, Shreyas
Amanat, Fatima
Lee, Benhur
Zolla-Pazner, Susan
Upadhyay, Chitra
Hioe, Catarina E.
author_sort Klingler, Jéromine
collection PubMed
description Antibodies (Abs) are essential for the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2, and all the vaccines developed so far have been designed to induce Abs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Many studies have examined Ab responses in the blood from vaccinated and infected individuals. However, since SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus, it is also critical to understand the mucosal Ab responses at the sites of initial virus exposure. Here, we examined plasma versus saliva Ab responses in vaccinated and convalescent patients. Although saliva levels were significantly lower, a strong correlation was observed between plasma and saliva total Ig levels against all SARS-CoV-2 antigens tested. Virus-specific IgG1 responses predominated in both saliva and plasma, while a lower prevalence of IgM and IgA1 Abs was observed in saliva. Antiviral activities of plasma Abs were also studied. Neutralization titers against the initial WA1 (D614G), B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) strains were similar but lower against the B.1.351 (beta) strain. Spike-specific antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activities were also detected and the levels correlated with spike-binding Ig titers. Interestingly, while neutralization and ADCP potencies of vaccinated and convalescent groups were comparable, enhanced complement deposition to spike-specific Abs was noted in vaccinated versus convalescent groups and corresponded with higher levels of IgG1 plus IgG3 among the vaccinated individuals. Altogether, this study demonstrates the detection of Ab responses after vaccination or infection in plasma and saliva that correlate significantly, although Ig isotypic differences were noted. The induced plasma Abs displayed Fab-mediated and Fc-dependent functions with comparable neutralization and ADCP potencies, but a greater capacity to activate complement was elicited upon vaccination.
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spelling pubmed-87212032022-01-04 Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals Klingler, Jéromine Lambert, Gregory S. Itri, Vincenza Liu, Sean Bandres, Juan C. Enyindah-Asonye, Gospel Liu, Xiaomei Simon, Viviana Gleason, Charles R. Kleiner, Giulio Chiu, Hsin-Ping Hung, Chuan-Tien Kowdle, Shreyas Amanat, Fatima Lee, Benhur Zolla-Pazner, Susan Upadhyay, Chitra Hioe, Catarina E. Front Immunol Immunology Antibodies (Abs) are essential for the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2, and all the vaccines developed so far have been designed to induce Abs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Many studies have examined Ab responses in the blood from vaccinated and infected individuals. However, since SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus, it is also critical to understand the mucosal Ab responses at the sites of initial virus exposure. Here, we examined plasma versus saliva Ab responses in vaccinated and convalescent patients. Although saliva levels were significantly lower, a strong correlation was observed between plasma and saliva total Ig levels against all SARS-CoV-2 antigens tested. Virus-specific IgG1 responses predominated in both saliva and plasma, while a lower prevalence of IgM and IgA1 Abs was observed in saliva. Antiviral activities of plasma Abs were also studied. Neutralization titers against the initial WA1 (D614G), B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) strains were similar but lower against the B.1.351 (beta) strain. Spike-specific antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activities were also detected and the levels correlated with spike-binding Ig titers. Interestingly, while neutralization and ADCP potencies of vaccinated and convalescent groups were comparable, enhanced complement deposition to spike-specific Abs was noted in vaccinated versus convalescent groups and corresponded with higher levels of IgG1 plus IgG3 among the vaccinated individuals. Altogether, this study demonstrates the detection of Ab responses after vaccination or infection in plasma and saliva that correlate significantly, although Ig isotypic differences were noted. The induced plasma Abs displayed Fab-mediated and Fc-dependent functions with comparable neutralization and ADCP potencies, but a greater capacity to activate complement was elicited upon vaccination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8721203/ /pubmed/34987505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.759688 Text en Copyright © 2021 Klingler, Lambert, Itri, Liu, Bandres, Enyindah-Asonye, Liu, Simon, Gleason, Kleiner, Chiu, Hung, Kowdle, Amanat, Lee, Zolla-Pazner, Upadhyay and Hioe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Klingler, Jéromine
Lambert, Gregory S.
Itri, Vincenza
Liu, Sean
Bandres, Juan C.
Enyindah-Asonye, Gospel
Liu, Xiaomei
Simon, Viviana
Gleason, Charles R.
Kleiner, Giulio
Chiu, Hsin-Ping
Hung, Chuan-Tien
Kowdle, Shreyas
Amanat, Fatima
Lee, Benhur
Zolla-Pazner, Susan
Upadhyay, Chitra
Hioe, Catarina E.
Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title_full Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title_fullStr Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title_short Detection of Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Plasma and Saliva From Vaccinated and Infected Individuals
title_sort detection of antibody responses against sars-cov-2 in plasma and saliva from vaccinated and infected individuals
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987505
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.759688
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