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The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission

In order to control the spread of Covid-19, authorities provide various prevention guidelines and recommendations for health workers and the public. Personal protection equipment (PPE) and physical barrier are the most widely applied prevention measures in practice due to their affordability and eas...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Chen, Nielsen, Peter V., Liu, Li, Sigmer, Emilie Tranegaard, Mikkelsen, Sarah Ghoreishi, Jensen, Rasmus L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35002048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108751
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author Zhang, Chen
Nielsen, Peter V.
Liu, Li
Sigmer, Emilie Tranegaard
Mikkelsen, Sarah Ghoreishi
Jensen, Rasmus L.
author_facet Zhang, Chen
Nielsen, Peter V.
Liu, Li
Sigmer, Emilie Tranegaard
Mikkelsen, Sarah Ghoreishi
Jensen, Rasmus L.
author_sort Zhang, Chen
collection PubMed
description In order to control the spread of Covid-19, authorities provide various prevention guidelines and recommendations for health workers and the public. Personal protection equipment (PPE) and physical barrier are the most widely applied prevention measures in practice due to their affordability and ease of implementation. This study aims to investigate the effect of PPE and physical barriers on mitigating the short-range airborne transmission between two people in a ventilated environment. Four types of PPE (surgical mask, two types of face shield, and mouth visor), and two different sizes of the physical barrier were tested in a controlled environment with two life-size breathing thermal manikins. The PPE was worn by the source manikin to test the efficiency of source control. The measurement results revealed that the principles of PPE on preventing short-range droplet and airborne transmission are different. Instead of filtering the fine droplet nuclei, they mainly redirect the virus-laden exhalation jet and avoid the exhaled flow entering the target's inhalation region. Physical barriers can block the spreading of droplet nuclei and create a good micro environment at short distances between persons. However, special attention should be paid to arranging the physical barrier and operating the ventilation system to avoid the stagnant zone where the contaminant accumulates.
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spelling pubmed-87219332022-01-03 The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission Zhang, Chen Nielsen, Peter V. Liu, Li Sigmer, Emilie Tranegaard Mikkelsen, Sarah Ghoreishi Jensen, Rasmus L. Build Environ Article In order to control the spread of Covid-19, authorities provide various prevention guidelines and recommendations for health workers and the public. Personal protection equipment (PPE) and physical barrier are the most widely applied prevention measures in practice due to their affordability and ease of implementation. This study aims to investigate the effect of PPE and physical barriers on mitigating the short-range airborne transmission between two people in a ventilated environment. Four types of PPE (surgical mask, two types of face shield, and mouth visor), and two different sizes of the physical barrier were tested in a controlled environment with two life-size breathing thermal manikins. The PPE was worn by the source manikin to test the efficiency of source control. The measurement results revealed that the principles of PPE on preventing short-range droplet and airborne transmission are different. Instead of filtering the fine droplet nuclei, they mainly redirect the virus-laden exhalation jet and avoid the exhaled flow entering the target's inhalation region. Physical barriers can block the spreading of droplet nuclei and create a good micro environment at short distances between persons. However, special attention should be paid to arranging the physical barrier and operating the ventilation system to avoid the stagnant zone where the contaminant accumulates. The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2022-03-01 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8721933/ /pubmed/35002048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108751 Text en © 2022 The Authors Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Chen
Nielsen, Peter V.
Liu, Li
Sigmer, Emilie Tranegaard
Mikkelsen, Sarah Ghoreishi
Jensen, Rasmus L.
The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title_full The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title_fullStr The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title_full_unstemmed The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title_short The source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
title_sort source control effect of personal protection equipment and physical barrier on short-range airborne transmission
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35002048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108751
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