Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Determinants of Dietary Adherence Among Patients After Bariatric Surgery

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess the determinants of dietary adherence among patients after bariatric surgery based on the attitude-social influence-efficacy (ASE) model and to evaluate its psychometric properties. PATIENTS AND METHODS: According to semi-structured interview, Delphi expert consultation and pilot study, the initial questionnaire was formed and applied to investigate 319 patients after bariatric surgery in a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested. RESULTS: The 28-item of the attitude-social influence-efficacy questionnaire after bariatric surgery (ASEQBS) was formed. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors, including intention, attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy, could be extracted, and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 59.98%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the model fit well. The content validity index of each item was 0.800–1.000, and the content validity index of the ASEQBS was 0.857. The total Cronbach’s α of the ASEQBS was 0.920, the split-half reliability was 0.774, and the retest reliability was 0.922. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ASEQBS is a valid and reliable measure of determinants of dietary adherence. It may be useful to evaluate the influence factors of dietary adherence and helpful to evaluate the efficacy of tailored dietary intervention programs.