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Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobials are extensively used in cattle and poultry production in Tanzania. However, there is dearth of information on its quantitative use. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2019 in randomly selected poultry and small-scale dairy fa...

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Autores principales: Azabo, Rogers, Mshana, Stephen, Matee, Mecky, Kimera, Sharadhuli I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8722348/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34980101
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9
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author Azabo, Rogers
Mshana, Stephen
Matee, Mecky
Kimera, Sharadhuli I.
author_facet Azabo, Rogers
Mshana, Stephen
Matee, Mecky
Kimera, Sharadhuli I.
author_sort Azabo, Rogers
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Antimicrobials are extensively used in cattle and poultry production in Tanzania. However, there is dearth of information on its quantitative use. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2019 in randomly selected poultry and small-scale dairy farms, in three districts of Dar es Salaam City eastern, Tanzania, to assess the practice and quantify antimicrobial use. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed at a confidence interval of 95%. The ratio of Used Daily Dose (UDD) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) were used to determine whether the antimicrobial was overdosed or under dosed. RESULTS: A total of 51 poultry and 65 small-scale dairy farms were involved in the study. The route of antimicrobial administration was 98% orally via drinking water and 2% in feeds for poultry and for small-scale dairy farms, all through parenteral route. Seventeen types of antimicrobials comprising seven classes were recorded in poultry farms while nine belonging to six classes in the small dairy farms. Majority of the farms (poultry, 87.7% and small scale dairy, 84.3%) used antimicrobials for therapeutic purposes. About 41% of the poultry and one third (34%) of the dairy farmers’ were not compliant to the drug withdrawal periods. Beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides were the commonly used antimicrobials on these farms. In the poultry farms both those with records and those which relied on recall, antimicrobials were overdosed whereas in the small dairy farms, sulfadimidine, oxytetracycline and neomycin were within the appropriate dosing range (0.8–1.2). The majority (58.6%) of farmers had adequate level of practices (favorable) regarding antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production. This was associated with the age and level of education of the cattle and poultry farmers. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a widespread misuse of antimicrobials of different types and classes in both poultry and small-scale dairy farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This result gives insight into the antimicrobial use practices and its quantification. The information obtained can guide and promote prudent use of antimicrobials among the farmers by developing mitigate strategies that reduce antimicrobial resistance risk potentials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9.
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spelling pubmed-87223482022-01-06 Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity Azabo, Rogers Mshana, Stephen Matee, Mecky Kimera, Sharadhuli I. BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Antimicrobials are extensively used in cattle and poultry production in Tanzania. However, there is dearth of information on its quantitative use. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2019 in randomly selected poultry and small-scale dairy farms, in three districts of Dar es Salaam City eastern, Tanzania, to assess the practice and quantify antimicrobial use. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed at a confidence interval of 95%. The ratio of Used Daily Dose (UDD) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) were used to determine whether the antimicrobial was overdosed or under dosed. RESULTS: A total of 51 poultry and 65 small-scale dairy farms were involved in the study. The route of antimicrobial administration was 98% orally via drinking water and 2% in feeds for poultry and for small-scale dairy farms, all through parenteral route. Seventeen types of antimicrobials comprising seven classes were recorded in poultry farms while nine belonging to six classes in the small dairy farms. Majority of the farms (poultry, 87.7% and small scale dairy, 84.3%) used antimicrobials for therapeutic purposes. About 41% of the poultry and one third (34%) of the dairy farmers’ were not compliant to the drug withdrawal periods. Beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides were the commonly used antimicrobials on these farms. In the poultry farms both those with records and those which relied on recall, antimicrobials were overdosed whereas in the small dairy farms, sulfadimidine, oxytetracycline and neomycin were within the appropriate dosing range (0.8–1.2). The majority (58.6%) of farmers had adequate level of practices (favorable) regarding antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production. This was associated with the age and level of education of the cattle and poultry farmers. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a widespread misuse of antimicrobials of different types and classes in both poultry and small-scale dairy farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This result gives insight into the antimicrobial use practices and its quantification. The information obtained can guide and promote prudent use of antimicrobials among the farmers by developing mitigate strategies that reduce antimicrobial resistance risk potentials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9. BioMed Central 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8722348/ /pubmed/34980101 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Azabo, Rogers
Mshana, Stephen
Matee, Mecky
Kimera, Sharadhuli I.
Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title_full Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title_fullStr Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title_short Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity
title_sort antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in dar es salaam, tanzania: pattern and quantity
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8722348/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34980101
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9
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