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Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework
The use of face masks outside the health care facility dates back a century ago. However, face masks use noticeably soared due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. As a result, an unprecedented influx of discarded face masks is ending up in the environment. This review paper delves i...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8724021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152859 |
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author | Tesfaldet, Yacob T. Ndeh, Nji T. |
author_facet | Tesfaldet, Yacob T. Ndeh, Nji T. |
author_sort | Tesfaldet, Yacob T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of face masks outside the health care facility dates back a century ago. However, face masks use noticeably soared due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. As a result, an unprecedented influx of discarded face masks is ending up in the environment. This review paper delves into face masks in the environment using the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) framework to simplify and communicate the environmental indicators. Firstly, the historical, and briefly the economic trajectory of face masks are discussed. Secondly, the main driving forces of face masks use with an emphasis on public health are explored. Then, the pressures exerted by efforts to fulfill the human needs (driving forces) are investigated. In turn, the state of the environment due to the influx of masks along with the impacts are examined. Furthermore, the upstream, and downstream societal responses to mitigate the environmental damages of the driving forces, pressures, states, and impacts are reviewed. In summary, it has been shown from this review that the COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a surge in face mask usage, which translates to face masks pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. This implies proper usage and disposal of face masks is paramount to the quality of human health and the environment, respectively. Moreover, further research on eco-friendly face masks is indispensable to mitigating the environmental damages occurring due to the mass use of surgical masks worldwide. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8724021 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87240212022-01-04 Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework Tesfaldet, Yacob T. Ndeh, Nji T. Sci Total Environ Review The use of face masks outside the health care facility dates back a century ago. However, face masks use noticeably soared due to the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. As a result, an unprecedented influx of discarded face masks is ending up in the environment. This review paper delves into face masks in the environment using the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) framework to simplify and communicate the environmental indicators. Firstly, the historical, and briefly the economic trajectory of face masks are discussed. Secondly, the main driving forces of face masks use with an emphasis on public health are explored. Then, the pressures exerted by efforts to fulfill the human needs (driving forces) are investigated. In turn, the state of the environment due to the influx of masks along with the impacts are examined. Furthermore, the upstream, and downstream societal responses to mitigate the environmental damages of the driving forces, pressures, states, and impacts are reviewed. In summary, it has been shown from this review that the COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a surge in face mask usage, which translates to face masks pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. This implies proper usage and disposal of face masks is paramount to the quality of human health and the environment, respectively. Moreover, further research on eco-friendly face masks is indispensable to mitigating the environmental damages occurring due to the mass use of surgical masks worldwide. Elsevier B.V. 2022-03-25 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8724021/ /pubmed/34995587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152859 Text en © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Tesfaldet, Yacob T. Ndeh, Nji T. Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title | Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title_full | Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title_fullStr | Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title_short | Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework |
title_sort | assessing face masks in the environment by means of the dpsir framework |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8724021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152859 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tesfaldetyacobt assessingfacemasksintheenvironmentbymeansofthedpsirframework AT ndehnjit assessingfacemasksintheenvironmentbymeansofthedpsirframework |