Key factors controlling microbial distribution on a DNAPL source area

Chlorinated solvents are among the common groundwater contaminants that show high complexity in their distribution in the subsoil. Microorganisms play a vital role in the natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents. Thus far, how the in situ soil microbial community responds to chlorinated solvent contamination has remained unclear. In this study, the microbial community distribution within two boreholes located in the source area of perchloroethene (PCE) was investigated via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analysis. Microbial data were related to the lithological and geochemical data and the concentration and isotopic composition of chloroethenes to determine the key factors controlling the distribution of the microbial communities. The results indicated that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most abundant phylums in the sediment. The statistical correlation with the environmental data proved that fine granulometry, oxygen tolerance, terminal electron-acceptor processes, and toxicity control microbial structure. This study improves our understanding of how the microbial community in the subsoil responds to high concentrations of chlorinated solvents. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-15635-2.