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Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review

In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the “stress response”. These responses, whi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Roberts, Brandon L, Karatsoreos, Ilia N
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Faculty Opinions Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35028648
http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-83
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author Roberts, Brandon L
Karatsoreos, Ilia N
author_facet Roberts, Brandon L
Karatsoreos, Ilia N
author_sort Roberts, Brandon L
collection PubMed
description In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the “stress response”. These responses, which include changes at the cellular, systems, and organismal level, are geared toward protecting homeostasis and adapting physiological operating parameters so as to enable the organism to overcome short-term challenges. It is the shift of these well-organized acute responses to dysregulated chronic responses that leads to pathologies. In a sense, the protective measures become destructive, causing the myriad health problems that are associated with chronic stress. To further complicate the situation, these challenges need not be purely physical in nature. Indeed, psychosocial stressors such as ruminating about challenges at work, resource insecurity, and unstable social environments can engage the very same emergency threat systems and eventually lead to the same types of pathologies that sometimes are described as “burnout” in humans. This short review focuses on very recent empirical work exploring the effects of chronic stress on key brain circuits, metabolism and metabolic function, and immune function.
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spelling pubmed-87256492022-01-12 Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review Roberts, Brandon L Karatsoreos, Ilia N Fac Rev Review Article In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the “stress response”. These responses, which include changes at the cellular, systems, and organismal level, are geared toward protecting homeostasis and adapting physiological operating parameters so as to enable the organism to overcome short-term challenges. It is the shift of these well-organized acute responses to dysregulated chronic responses that leads to pathologies. In a sense, the protective measures become destructive, causing the myriad health problems that are associated with chronic stress. To further complicate the situation, these challenges need not be purely physical in nature. Indeed, psychosocial stressors such as ruminating about challenges at work, resource insecurity, and unstable social environments can engage the very same emergency threat systems and eventually lead to the same types of pathologies that sometimes are described as “burnout” in humans. This short review focuses on very recent empirical work exploring the effects of chronic stress on key brain circuits, metabolism and metabolic function, and immune function. Faculty Opinions Ltd 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8725649/ /pubmed/35028648 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-83 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Karatsoreos IN et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Roberts, Brandon L
Karatsoreos, Ilia N
Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title_full Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title_fullStr Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title_full_unstemmed Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title_short Brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
title_sort brain–body responses to chronic stress: a brief review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35028648
http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-83
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