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Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians

The trade-off between offspring size and number is central to life history strategies. Both the evolutionary gain of parental care or more favorable habitats for offspring development are predicted to result in fewer, larger offspring. However, despite much research, it remains unclear whether and h...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Furness, Andrew I., Venditti, Chris, Capellini, Isabella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8726499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34982764
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001495
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author Furness, Andrew I.
Venditti, Chris
Capellini, Isabella
author_facet Furness, Andrew I.
Venditti, Chris
Capellini, Isabella
author_sort Furness, Andrew I.
collection PubMed
description The trade-off between offspring size and number is central to life history strategies. Both the evolutionary gain of parental care or more favorable habitats for offspring development are predicted to result in fewer, larger offspring. However, despite much research, it remains unclear whether and how different forms of care and habitats drive the evolution of the trade-off. Using data for over 800 amphibian species, we demonstrate that, after controlling for allometry, amphibians with direct development and those that lay eggs in terrestrial environments have larger eggs and smaller clutches, while different care behaviors and adaptations vary in their effects on the trade-off. Specifically, among the 11 care forms we considered at the egg, tadpole and juvenile stage, egg brooding, male egg attendance, and female egg attendance increase egg size; female tadpole attendance and tadpole feeding decrease egg size, while egg brooding, tadpole feeding, male tadpole attendance, and male tadpole transport decrease clutch size. Unlike egg size that shows exceptionally high rates of phenotypic change in just 19 branches of the amphibian phylogeny, clutch size has evolved at exceptionally high rates in 135 branches, indicating episodes of strong selection; egg and tadpole environment, direct development, egg brooding, tadpole feeding, male tadpole attendance, and tadpole transport explain 80% of these events. By explicitly considering diversity in parental care and offspring habitat by stage of offspring development, this study demonstrates that more favorable conditions for offspring development promote the evolution of larger offspring in smaller broods and reveals that the diversity of parental care forms influences the trade-off in more nuanced ways than previously appreciated.
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spelling pubmed-87264992022-01-05 Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians Furness, Andrew I. Venditti, Chris Capellini, Isabella PLoS Biol Research Article The trade-off between offspring size and number is central to life history strategies. Both the evolutionary gain of parental care or more favorable habitats for offspring development are predicted to result in fewer, larger offspring. However, despite much research, it remains unclear whether and how different forms of care and habitats drive the evolution of the trade-off. Using data for over 800 amphibian species, we demonstrate that, after controlling for allometry, amphibians with direct development and those that lay eggs in terrestrial environments have larger eggs and smaller clutches, while different care behaviors and adaptations vary in their effects on the trade-off. Specifically, among the 11 care forms we considered at the egg, tadpole and juvenile stage, egg brooding, male egg attendance, and female egg attendance increase egg size; female tadpole attendance and tadpole feeding decrease egg size, while egg brooding, tadpole feeding, male tadpole attendance, and male tadpole transport decrease clutch size. Unlike egg size that shows exceptionally high rates of phenotypic change in just 19 branches of the amphibian phylogeny, clutch size has evolved at exceptionally high rates in 135 branches, indicating episodes of strong selection; egg and tadpole environment, direct development, egg brooding, tadpole feeding, male tadpole attendance, and tadpole transport explain 80% of these events. By explicitly considering diversity in parental care and offspring habitat by stage of offspring development, this study demonstrates that more favorable conditions for offspring development promote the evolution of larger offspring in smaller broods and reveals that the diversity of parental care forms influences the trade-off in more nuanced ways than previously appreciated. Public Library of Science 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8726499/ /pubmed/34982764 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001495 Text en © 2022 Furness et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Furness, Andrew I.
Venditti, Chris
Capellini, Isabella
Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title_full Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title_fullStr Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title_full_unstemmed Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title_short Terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
title_sort terrestrial reproduction and parental care drive rapid evolution in the trade-off between offspring size and number across amphibians
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8726499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34982764
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001495
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