Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. Current therapies are mainly focused on vasodilative agents to improve prognosis. However, recent literature has shown the important interaction between immune cells and stromal vascular cells in the pathoge...

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Autores principales: Tobal, Rachid, Potjewijd, Judith, van Empel, Vanessa P. M., Ysermans, Renee, Schurgers, Leon J., Reutelingsperger, Chris P., Damoiseaux, Jan G. M. C., van Paassen, Pieter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727487/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.806899
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author Tobal, Rachid
Potjewijd, Judith
van Empel, Vanessa P. M.
Ysermans, Renee
Schurgers, Leon J.
Reutelingsperger, Chris P.
Damoiseaux, Jan G. M. C.
van Paassen, Pieter
author_facet Tobal, Rachid
Potjewijd, Judith
van Empel, Vanessa P. M.
Ysermans, Renee
Schurgers, Leon J.
Reutelingsperger, Chris P.
Damoiseaux, Jan G. M. C.
van Paassen, Pieter
author_sort Tobal, Rachid
collection PubMed
description Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. Current therapies are mainly focused on vasodilative agents to improve prognosis. However, recent literature has shown the important interaction between immune cells and stromal vascular cells in the pathogenic modifications of the pulmonary vasculature. The immunological pathogenesis of PAH is known as a complex interplay between immune cells and vascular stromal cells, via direct contacts and/or their production of extra-cellular/diffusible factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These include, the B-cell—mast-cell axis, endothelium mediated fibroblast activation and subsequent M2 macrophage polarization, anti-endothelial cell antibodies and the versatile role of IL-6 on vascular cells. This review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes in vascular cells caused by immunological mechanisms, leading to vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and eventually PAH. Considering the underlying immunological mechanisms, these mechanisms may be key to halt progression of disease.
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spelling pubmed-87274872022-01-06 Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Tobal, Rachid Potjewijd, Judith van Empel, Vanessa P. M. Ysermans, Renee Schurgers, Leon J. Reutelingsperger, Chris P. Damoiseaux, Jan G. M. C. van Paassen, Pieter Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. Current therapies are mainly focused on vasodilative agents to improve prognosis. However, recent literature has shown the important interaction between immune cells and stromal vascular cells in the pathogenic modifications of the pulmonary vasculature. The immunological pathogenesis of PAH is known as a complex interplay between immune cells and vascular stromal cells, via direct contacts and/or their production of extra-cellular/diffusible factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These include, the B-cell—mast-cell axis, endothelium mediated fibroblast activation and subsequent M2 macrophage polarization, anti-endothelial cell antibodies and the versatile role of IL-6 on vascular cells. This review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes in vascular cells caused by immunological mechanisms, leading to vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and eventually PAH. Considering the underlying immunological mechanisms, these mechanisms may be key to halt progression of disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8727487/ /pubmed/35004784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.806899 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tobal, Potjewijd, Empel, Ysermans, Schurgers, Reutelingsperger, Damoiseaux and Paassen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Tobal, Rachid
Potjewijd, Judith
van Empel, Vanessa P. M.
Ysermans, Renee
Schurgers, Leon J.
Reutelingsperger, Chris P.
Damoiseaux, Jan G. M. C.
van Paassen, Pieter
Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title_full Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title_fullStr Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title_short Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Potential Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
title_sort vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the potential involvement of innate and adaptive immunity
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8727487/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.806899
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