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Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention

Prisoners have a high risk of dying by suicide and the highest suicide rates are recorded among prisoners on remand. A death by suicide is the most common single cause of death in German correctional institutions. This narrative overview first describes the prison population and its general healthca...

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Autores principales: Opitz-Welke, Annette, Konrad, Norbert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8732920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34964913
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03460-4
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author Opitz-Welke, Annette
Konrad, Norbert
author_facet Opitz-Welke, Annette
Konrad, Norbert
author_sort Opitz-Welke, Annette
collection PubMed
description Prisoners have a high risk of dying by suicide and the highest suicide rates are recorded among prisoners on remand. A death by suicide is the most common single cause of death in German correctional institutions. This narrative overview first describes the prison population and its general healthcare needs by paying particular attention to psychiatric and substance use disorders. The main section attends to the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of prison suicide. Suicide prevention measures are presented. As in all parts of the world, the proportion of young men among prisoners in Germany is very high (94% in 2020). Most prisoners are young or middle-aged. The average annual suicide rates among men (105.8/100,000) and women (54.7/100,000) in German prisons are similar to those of most countries in the European Union (full census 2000–2011). Suicide rates among male German prisoners declined continuously from 2000–2013, regardless of age. In contrast, they increased among female prisoners; the reasons for this are not known. Evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders have not been identified. Important suicide prevention measures include shared accommodation and avoidance of solitary confinement, for example by offering work. In addition, validated German-language screening instruments are available to detect suicide risk at an early stage. For effective prison suicide prevention, identifying high-risk individuals, offering appropriate suicide prevention interventions, and developing team-based interventions among prison staff are required.
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spelling pubmed-87329202022-01-18 Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention Opitz-Welke, Annette Konrad, Norbert Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Leitthema Prisoners have a high risk of dying by suicide and the highest suicide rates are recorded among prisoners on remand. A death by suicide is the most common single cause of death in German correctional institutions. This narrative overview first describes the prison population and its general healthcare needs by paying particular attention to psychiatric and substance use disorders. The main section attends to the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of prison suicide. Suicide prevention measures are presented. As in all parts of the world, the proportion of young men among prisoners in Germany is very high (94% in 2020). Most prisoners are young or middle-aged. The average annual suicide rates among men (105.8/100,000) and women (54.7/100,000) in German prisons are similar to those of most countries in the European Union (full census 2000–2011). Suicide rates among male German prisoners declined continuously from 2000–2013, regardless of age. In contrast, they increased among female prisoners; the reasons for this are not known. Evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders have not been identified. Important suicide prevention measures include shared accommodation and avoidance of solitary confinement, for example by offering work. In addition, validated German-language screening instruments are available to detect suicide risk at an early stage. For effective prison suicide prevention, identifying high-risk individuals, offering appropriate suicide prevention interventions, and developing team-based interventions among prison staff are required. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-12-29 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8732920/ /pubmed/34964913 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03460-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden. Die in diesem Artikel enthaltenen Bilder und sonstiges Drittmaterial unterliegen ebenfalls der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz, sofern sich aus der Abbildungslegende nichts anderes ergibt. Sofern das betreffende Material nicht unter der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz steht und die betreffende Handlung nicht nach gesetzlichen Vorschriften erlaubt ist, ist für die oben aufgeführten Weiterverwendungen des Materials die Einwilligung des jeweiligen Rechteinhabers einzuholen. Weitere Details zur Lizenz entnehmen Sie bitte der Lizenzinformation auf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Leitthema
Opitz-Welke, Annette
Konrad, Norbert
Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title_full Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title_fullStr Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title_full_unstemmed Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title_short Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
title_sort suizide im deutschen strafvollzug: häufigkeit, risikofaktoren und prävention
topic Leitthema
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8732920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34964913
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03460-4
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