Cargando…

Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires

Dietary pattern is quite distinct among the inhabitants of high-altitude areas because of environmental and geographical uniqueness; hence, it is important to investigate this data as accurately as possible. However, very few data are related to these populations up to now. Based on the food frequen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Xiao, Zhen, Sun, Xianzhi, Zhaxi, Duoji, Zhang, Fan, Ji, Yuchen, Cheng, Tingting, Li, Xiaofeng, Xu, Xiaoguang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8733569/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.743896
_version_ 1784627825578344448
author Xiao, Zhen
Sun, Xianzhi
Zhaxi, Duoji
Zhang, Fan
Ji, Yuchen
Cheng, Tingting
Li, Xiaofeng
Xu, Xiaoguang
author_facet Xiao, Zhen
Sun, Xianzhi
Zhaxi, Duoji
Zhang, Fan
Ji, Yuchen
Cheng, Tingting
Li, Xiaofeng
Xu, Xiaoguang
author_sort Xiao, Zhen
collection PubMed
description Dietary pattern is quite distinct among the inhabitants of high-altitude areas because of environmental and geographical uniqueness; hence, it is important to investigate this data as accurately as possible. However, very few data are related to these populations up to now. Based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Chinese population, a revised Tibetan edition was developed with respect to the lifestyle in high-altitude areas. After assessment of validity and reproducibility, a nutrition intake survey was conducted among 1,071 randomly sampled Tibetan people. In addition, the Bland–Altman approach was used to compare the agreement between the two dietary tools. For the reproducibility analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine the agreement of food groups and nutrients from the two FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2). Nutrient intake was calculated using food composition tables. For the validity analysis, Pearson's correlation of food groups intakes varied from 0.22 to 0.91 (unadjusted). The correlations of nutrients ranged from 0.24 to 0.76 (unadjusted). In the analysis of reliability, the ICC of food groups varied from 0.27 to 0.70 (unadjusted). The ICC of nutrient intakes ranged from 0.22 to 0.87 (unadjusted). The results of nutritional analysis showed that ~25% of foods consumed frequently were traditional Tibetan foods. However, traditional Han foods were frequently consumed. In addition, the energy, iron, and protein intakes for male or female subjects were close to the Chinese Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake (Chinese DRIs); however, fat and sodium intakes were significantly higher than the Chinese DRIs. Interestingly, lower intakes of other types of nutrition, such as vitamin C were detected in people living in high-altitude areas. Our data indicated that excess consumption of fat and sodium and insufficient intake of vitamin C were common among Tibetan people, as compared with the most Chinese people living in the plateau areas. More investigations are needed to reveal the association between the food intake style and high-altitude endemic diseases.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8733569
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87335692022-01-07 Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires Xiao, Zhen Sun, Xianzhi Zhaxi, Duoji Zhang, Fan Ji, Yuchen Cheng, Tingting Li, Xiaofeng Xu, Xiaoguang Front Nutr Nutrition Dietary pattern is quite distinct among the inhabitants of high-altitude areas because of environmental and geographical uniqueness; hence, it is important to investigate this data as accurately as possible. However, very few data are related to these populations up to now. Based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Chinese population, a revised Tibetan edition was developed with respect to the lifestyle in high-altitude areas. After assessment of validity and reproducibility, a nutrition intake survey was conducted among 1,071 randomly sampled Tibetan people. In addition, the Bland–Altman approach was used to compare the agreement between the two dietary tools. For the reproducibility analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine the agreement of food groups and nutrients from the two FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2). Nutrient intake was calculated using food composition tables. For the validity analysis, Pearson's correlation of food groups intakes varied from 0.22 to 0.91 (unadjusted). The correlations of nutrients ranged from 0.24 to 0.76 (unadjusted). In the analysis of reliability, the ICC of food groups varied from 0.27 to 0.70 (unadjusted). The ICC of nutrient intakes ranged from 0.22 to 0.87 (unadjusted). The results of nutritional analysis showed that ~25% of foods consumed frequently were traditional Tibetan foods. However, traditional Han foods were frequently consumed. In addition, the energy, iron, and protein intakes for male or female subjects were close to the Chinese Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake (Chinese DRIs); however, fat and sodium intakes were significantly higher than the Chinese DRIs. Interestingly, lower intakes of other types of nutrition, such as vitamin C were detected in people living in high-altitude areas. Our data indicated that excess consumption of fat and sodium and insufficient intake of vitamin C were common among Tibetan people, as compared with the most Chinese people living in the plateau areas. More investigations are needed to reveal the association between the food intake style and high-altitude endemic diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8733569/ /pubmed/35004798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.743896 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xiao, Sun, Zhaxi, Zhang, Ji, Cheng, Li and Xu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Xiao, Zhen
Sun, Xianzhi
Zhaxi, Duoji
Zhang, Fan
Ji, Yuchen
Cheng, Tingting
Li, Xiaofeng
Xu, Xiaoguang
Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title_full Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title_fullStr Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title_full_unstemmed Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title_short Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires
title_sort distinct nutrient intake style in inhabitants of ultra-high-altitude areas in north of tibet, china: a cross-sectional study based on newly developed tibetan food frequency questionnaires
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8733569/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.743896
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaozhen distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT sunxianzhi distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT zhaxiduoji distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT zhangfan distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT jiyuchen distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT chengtingting distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT lixiaofeng distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires
AT xuxiaoguang distinctnutrientintakestyleininhabitantsofultrahighaltitudeareasinnorthoftibetchinaacrosssectionalstudybasedonnewlydevelopedtibetanfoodfrequencyquestionnaires