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Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans

BACKGROUND: Polymicrobial biofilms are notorious for causing intraoral tissue destruction. Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis, commensals of oral cavities, have been found co-existing with C. albicans in resistant oral infections. There is an urgent need to find alternative treatment op...

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Autores principales: Fahim, Ayesha, Himratul-Aznita, Wan Harun, Abdul-Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz, Alam, Mohammad K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35036111
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12251
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author Fahim, Ayesha
Himratul-Aznita, Wan Harun
Abdul-Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz
Alam, Mohammad K.
author_facet Fahim, Ayesha
Himratul-Aznita, Wan Harun
Abdul-Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz
Alam, Mohammad K.
author_sort Fahim, Ayesha
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Polymicrobial biofilms are notorious for causing intraoral tissue destruction. Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis, commensals of oral cavities, have been found co-existing with C. albicans in resistant oral infections. There is an urgent need to find alternative treatment options. This study aims to assess the efficacy of garlic (G) and bakuchiol (Bk) combination against candida virulent genes and their subsequently secreted proteins. METHODS: In vitro single species biofilms of C. albicans, and mixed species biofilms formed in combination with streptococci were exposed to bakuchiol and garlic extract (Bk+G). Gene expression of agglutinin-like sequence (ALS1), (ALS3), adhesin-like wall proteins (HWP1) and aspartyl proteinases (SAP5) were determined using qPCR and their subsequent proteins were assessed through Western blotting. RESULTS: Virulent genes were significantly downregulated in single species biofilms when they were treated with Bk+G combination. However, Bk+G did not have significant effect on ALS1 and HWP1 gene in polymicrobial biofilms. ALS3 and SAP5 were significantly downregulated in Bk+G treated polymicrobial biofilm. Similar results were portrayed in Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Bk+G combination exhibited antimicrobial effects against single and mixed species biofilms. The findings might provide insights for treating resistant candida infections. This combination could potentially serve as an herbal alternative to traditional antifungals following further research.
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spelling pubmed-87344582022-01-14 Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans Fahim, Ayesha Himratul-Aznita, Wan Harun Abdul-Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz Alam, Mohammad K. PeerJ Biochemistry BACKGROUND: Polymicrobial biofilms are notorious for causing intraoral tissue destruction. Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis, commensals of oral cavities, have been found co-existing with C. albicans in resistant oral infections. There is an urgent need to find alternative treatment options. This study aims to assess the efficacy of garlic (G) and bakuchiol (Bk) combination against candida virulent genes and their subsequently secreted proteins. METHODS: In vitro single species biofilms of C. albicans, and mixed species biofilms formed in combination with streptococci were exposed to bakuchiol and garlic extract (Bk+G). Gene expression of agglutinin-like sequence (ALS1), (ALS3), adhesin-like wall proteins (HWP1) and aspartyl proteinases (SAP5) were determined using qPCR and their subsequent proteins were assessed through Western blotting. RESULTS: Virulent genes were significantly downregulated in single species biofilms when they were treated with Bk+G combination. However, Bk+G did not have significant effect on ALS1 and HWP1 gene in polymicrobial biofilms. ALS3 and SAP5 were significantly downregulated in Bk+G treated polymicrobial biofilm. Similar results were portrayed in Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Bk+G combination exhibited antimicrobial effects against single and mixed species biofilms. The findings might provide insights for treating resistant candida infections. This combination could potentially serve as an herbal alternative to traditional antifungals following further research. PeerJ Inc. 2022-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8734458/ /pubmed/35036111 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12251 Text en © 2022 Fahim et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Biochemistry
Fahim, Ayesha
Himratul-Aznita, Wan Harun
Abdul-Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz
Alam, Mohammad K.
Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title_full Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title_fullStr Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title_short Efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of Candida albicans
title_sort efficacy of bakuchiol-garlic combination against virulent genes of candida albicans
topic Biochemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35036111
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12251
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