Cargando…

A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain

PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cas...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Briz-Redón, Álvaro, Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina, Serrano-Aroca, Ángel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734552/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2
_version_ 1784628041620652032
author Briz-Redón, Álvaro
Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina
Serrano-Aroca, Ángel
author_facet Briz-Redón, Álvaro
Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina
Serrano-Aroca, Ángel
author_sort Briz-Redón, Álvaro
collection PubMed
description PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. METHODS: The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels in seven representative cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM(2.5) pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. RESULTS: While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM(2.5) levels in only one city despite the drastically reduced human activity. Furthermore, no associations between either PM(2.5) exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: A longer period applying human activity restrictions is necessary in order to achieve significant reductions of PM(2.5) levels in all the analyzed cities. No effect of PM(2.5) pollution or weather on COVID-19 incidence was found for these pollutant levels and period of time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8734552
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Springer International Publishing
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87345522022-01-07 A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain Briz-Redón, Álvaro Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina Serrano-Aroca, Ángel J Environ Health Sci Eng Research Article PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. METHODS: The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels in seven representative cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM(2.5) pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. RESULTS: While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM(2.5) levels in only one city despite the drastically reduced human activity. Furthermore, no associations between either PM(2.5) exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: A longer period applying human activity restrictions is necessary in order to achieve significant reductions of PM(2.5) levels in all the analyzed cities. No effect of PM(2.5) pollution or weather on COVID-19 incidence was found for these pollutant levels and period of time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2. Springer International Publishing 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8734552/ /pubmed/35018223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2 Text en © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
spellingShingle Research Article
Briz-Redón, Álvaro
Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina
Serrano-Aroca, Ángel
A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title_full A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title_fullStr A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title_full_unstemmed A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title_short A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
title_sort city-level analysis of pm(2.5) pollution, climate and covid-19 early spread in spain
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734552/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2
work_keys_str_mv AT brizredonalvaro acitylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain
AT belenguersapinacarolina acitylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain
AT serranoarocaangel acitylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain
AT brizredonalvaro citylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain
AT belenguersapinacarolina citylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain
AT serranoarocaangel citylevelanalysisofpm25pollutionclimateandcovid19earlyspreadinspain