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A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain
PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cas...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2 |
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author | Briz-Redón, Álvaro Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina Serrano-Aroca, Ángel |
author_facet | Briz-Redón, Álvaro Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina Serrano-Aroca, Ángel |
author_sort | Briz-Redón, Álvaro |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. METHODS: The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels in seven representative cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM(2.5) pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. RESULTS: While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM(2.5) levels in only one city despite the drastically reduced human activity. Furthermore, no associations between either PM(2.5) exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: A longer period applying human activity restrictions is necessary in order to achieve significant reductions of PM(2.5) levels in all the analyzed cities. No effect of PM(2.5) pollution or weather on COVID-19 incidence was found for these pollutant levels and period of time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8734552 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87345522022-01-07 A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain Briz-Redón, Álvaro Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina Serrano-Aroca, Ángel J Environ Health Sci Eng Research Article PURPUSE: The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. METHODS: The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels in seven representative cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM(2.5) pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. RESULTS: While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM(2.5) levels in only one city despite the drastically reduced human activity. Furthermore, no associations between either PM(2.5) exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: A longer period applying human activity restrictions is necessary in order to achieve significant reductions of PM(2.5) levels in all the analyzed cities. No effect of PM(2.5) pollution or weather on COVID-19 incidence was found for these pollutant levels and period of time. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2. Springer International Publishing 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8734552/ /pubmed/35018223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2 Text en © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 |
spellingShingle | Research Article Briz-Redón, Álvaro Belenguer-Sapiña, Carolina Serrano-Aroca, Ángel A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title | A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title_full | A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title_fullStr | A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title_full_unstemmed | A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title_short | A city-level analysis of PM(2.5) pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain |
title_sort | city-level analysis of pm(2.5) pollution, climate and covid-19 early spread in spain |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8734552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2 |
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