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The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19
There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100178 |
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author | Parolin, Zachary Lee, Emma K. |
author_facet | Parolin, Zachary Lee, Emma K. |
author_sort | Parolin, Zachary |
collection | PubMed |
description | There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have exacerbated the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities. We discuss four mechanisms through which poverty and discrimination affect COVID-19-related health consequences: greater pre-existing health challenges, reduced access to healthcare, lower-quality neighbourhood and housing conditions, and unequal exposure to high-risk occupations. Evidence suggests that economic and policy institutions that contributed to higher pre-pandemic poverty rates in the U.S., particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, have been central determinants of unequal health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8739518 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87395182022-01-07 The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 Parolin, Zachary Lee, Emma K. Lancet Reg Health Am Review There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have exacerbated the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities. We discuss four mechanisms through which poverty and discrimination affect COVID-19-related health consequences: greater pre-existing health challenges, reduced access to healthcare, lower-quality neighbourhood and housing conditions, and unequal exposure to high-risk occupations. Evidence suggests that economic and policy institutions that contributed to higher pre-pandemic poverty rates in the U.S., particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, have been central determinants of unequal health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elsevier 2022-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8739518/ /pubmed/35018358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100178 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Parolin, Zachary Lee, Emma K. The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title | The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title_full | The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title_short | The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19 |
title_sort | role of poverty and racial discrimination in exacerbating the health consequences of covid-19 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35018358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100178 |
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