Schlafstörungen aus psychiatrischer Sicht: 2. Teil: Therapie – Prävention – Spezielle Herausforderungen

Sleep disorders are among the most common health problems and optional or obligatory early symptoms that are relevant to diagnosis, as well as regularly occurring accompanying symptoms of psychiatric disorders and symptoms. These so-called non-organic sleep disorders often persist beyond the current period of illness and they are a high risk factor for illness outbreaks or relapses. Despite a high rate of comorbidity, isolated sleep disorders are also independent diagnoses. In particular, insomnia, for example, in the form of problems falling asleep and staying asleep, are often initial symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Currently available diagnostic classifications of sleep disorders are the ICD-10, DSM‑V and ICSD‑3 (International Classification of Sleep Disorders). In contrast to the ICD-10 and the DSM‑V, the ICD-11 no longer classifies sleep disorders as psychiatric illnesses, but as an independent group of illnesses. Because of the close connection with psychic disorders, this should be critically discussed in the same manner as the lack of consideration of psychiatric content in the current Austrian “Specialization Curriculum in Sleep Medicine”. Furthermore, the link to addiction, suicidality, dreams, trauma, nightmares and sleep disorders in COVID-19 is dealt with.