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Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a global public health threat, is targeted for elimination by 2030. As national HBV prevalence and incidence is lacking for South Africa, our study aimed to provide such data in the public health sector. METHODS: We analysed laboratory-confirmed HBV data from 201...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34991533 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12391-3 |
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author | Moonsamy, Shelina Suchard, Melinda Pillay, Pavitra Prabdial-Sing, Nishi |
author_facet | Moonsamy, Shelina Suchard, Melinda Pillay, Pavitra Prabdial-Sing, Nishi |
author_sort | Moonsamy, Shelina |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a global public health threat, is targeted for elimination by 2030. As national HBV prevalence and incidence is lacking for South Africa, our study aimed to provide such data in the public health sector. METHODS: We analysed laboratory-confirmed HBV data from 2015 to 2019 to determine annual prevalence and incidence rates of HBV infection per 100,000 population, HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates, and HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population. Time trend and statistical analyses were performed on HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates. RESULTS: The national prevalence rate of HBV infection per 100,000 population increased from 56.14 in 2015 to 67.76 in 2019. Over the five years, the prevalence rate was higher in males than females, highest amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and highest in Gauteng province. The HBsAg test positivity rate dropped from 9.77% in 2015 to 8.09% in 2019. Over the five years, the HBsAg test positivity rate was higher in males than females, amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and amongst individuals of Limpopo province. Amongst HBsAg positive children under 5 years old, the majority (65.7%) were less than a year old. HBsAg testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 45 years of age and in males 45 years and above. The national incidence rate of acute HBV infection per 100,000 population dropped from 3.17 in 2015 to 1.69 in 2019. Over the five-year period, incidence rates were similar between males and females, highest amongst individuals 20 to 39 years old and highest in Mpumalanga province. Amongst individuals 20 to 24 years old, there was a substantial decline in the incidence and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates over time. Anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 40 years of age and in males 40 years and above. CONCLUSION: Critical to hepatitis B elimination is strengthened infant vaccination coverage and interruption of vertical transmission. Transmission of HBV infection in adults may be reduced through heightened awareness of transmission routes and prevention measures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12391-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8739689 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87396892022-01-07 Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 Moonsamy, Shelina Suchard, Melinda Pillay, Pavitra Prabdial-Sing, Nishi BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a global public health threat, is targeted for elimination by 2030. As national HBV prevalence and incidence is lacking for South Africa, our study aimed to provide such data in the public health sector. METHODS: We analysed laboratory-confirmed HBV data from 2015 to 2019 to determine annual prevalence and incidence rates of HBV infection per 100,000 population, HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates, and HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population. Time trend and statistical analyses were performed on HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates. RESULTS: The national prevalence rate of HBV infection per 100,000 population increased from 56.14 in 2015 to 67.76 in 2019. Over the five years, the prevalence rate was higher in males than females, highest amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and highest in Gauteng province. The HBsAg test positivity rate dropped from 9.77% in 2015 to 8.09% in 2019. Over the five years, the HBsAg test positivity rate was higher in males than females, amongst individuals 25 to 49 years old and amongst individuals of Limpopo province. Amongst HBsAg positive children under 5 years old, the majority (65.7%) were less than a year old. HBsAg testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 45 years of age and in males 45 years and above. The national incidence rate of acute HBV infection per 100,000 population dropped from 3.17 in 2015 to 1.69 in 2019. Over the five-year period, incidence rates were similar between males and females, highest amongst individuals 20 to 39 years old and highest in Mpumalanga province. Amongst individuals 20 to 24 years old, there was a substantial decline in the incidence and anti-HBc IgM test positivity rates over time. Anti-HBc IgM testing rates per 100,000 population were higher in females under 40 years of age and in males 40 years and above. CONCLUSION: Critical to hepatitis B elimination is strengthened infant vaccination coverage and interruption of vertical transmission. Transmission of HBV infection in adults may be reduced through heightened awareness of transmission routes and prevention measures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12391-3. BioMed Central 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8739689/ /pubmed/34991533 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12391-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Moonsamy, Shelina Suchard, Melinda Pillay, Pavitra Prabdial-Sing, Nishi Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title | Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title_full | Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title_short | Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 |
title_sort | prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis b infection in south africa, 2015 to 2019 |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34991533 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12391-3 |
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