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Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up

Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for COVID-19, overall are poor responders to vaccines, and were prioritized in the Portuguese vaccination campaign. Objective: This work aimed at evaluating in HD patients the immunogenicity of BTN162b2 after the two doses induction phase,...

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Autores principales: Weigert, André, Bergman, Marie-Louise, Gonçalves, Lígia A., Godinho, Iolanda, Duarte, Nádia, Abrantes, Rita, Borges, Patrícia, Brennand, Ana, Malheiro, Vanessa, Matoso, Paula, Akpogheneta, Onome, Kosack, Lindsay, Cruz, Pedro, Nogueira, Estela, Pereira, Magda, Ferreira, Ana, Marques, Marco, Nunes, Telmo, Faro-Viana, João, Demengeot, Jocelyne, Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.796676
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author Weigert, André
Bergman, Marie-Louise
Gonçalves, Lígia A.
Godinho, Iolanda
Duarte, Nádia
Abrantes, Rita
Borges, Patrícia
Brennand, Ana
Malheiro, Vanessa
Matoso, Paula
Akpogheneta, Onome
Kosack, Lindsay
Cruz, Pedro
Nogueira, Estela
Pereira, Magda
Ferreira, Ana
Marques, Marco
Nunes, Telmo
Faro-Viana, João
Demengeot, Jocelyne
Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos
author_facet Weigert, André
Bergman, Marie-Louise
Gonçalves, Lígia A.
Godinho, Iolanda
Duarte, Nádia
Abrantes, Rita
Borges, Patrícia
Brennand, Ana
Malheiro, Vanessa
Matoso, Paula
Akpogheneta, Onome
Kosack, Lindsay
Cruz, Pedro
Nogueira, Estela
Pereira, Magda
Ferreira, Ana
Marques, Marco
Nunes, Telmo
Faro-Viana, João
Demengeot, Jocelyne
Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos
author_sort Weigert, André
collection PubMed
description Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for COVID-19, overall are poor responders to vaccines, and were prioritized in the Portuguese vaccination campaign. Objective: This work aimed at evaluating in HD patients the immunogenicity of BTN162b2 after the two doses induction phase, the persistence of specific antibodies along time, and factors predicting these outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective, 6-month long longitudinal cohort analysis of 156 HD patients scheduled to receive BTN162b2. ELISA quantified anti-spike IgG, IgM, and IgA levels in sera were collected every 3 weeks during the induction phase (t0 before vaccine; t1, d21 post first dose; and t2 d21 post second dose), and every 3–4 months during the waning phase (t3, d140, and t4, d180 post first dose). The age-matched control cohort was similarly analyzed from t0 to t2. Results: Upon exclusion of participants identified as previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion at t1 was lower in patients than controls (29 and 50%, respectively, p = 0.0014), while the second vaccine dose served as a boost in both cohorts (91 and 95% positivity, respectively, at t2, p = 0.2463). Lower response in patients than controls at t1 was a singularity of the participants ≤ 70 years (p = 2.01 × 10(−05)), associated with immunosuppressive therapies (p = 0.013), but not with lack of responsiveness to hepatitis B. Anti-spike IgG, IgM, and IgA levels decreased at t3, with IgG levels further waning at t4 and resulting in >30% seronegativity. Anti-spike IgG levels at t1 and t4 were correlated (ρ = 0.65, p < 2.2 × 10(−16)). Conclusions: While most HD patients seroconvert upon 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccination, anti-spike antibodies levels wane over the following 4 months, leading to early seroreversion in a sizeable fraction of the patients. These findings warrant close monitoring of COVID-19 infection in vaccinated HD patients, and advocate for further studies following reinforced vaccination schedules.
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spelling pubmed-87406912022-01-08 Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up Weigert, André Bergman, Marie-Louise Gonçalves, Lígia A. Godinho, Iolanda Duarte, Nádia Abrantes, Rita Borges, Patrícia Brennand, Ana Malheiro, Vanessa Matoso, Paula Akpogheneta, Onome Kosack, Lindsay Cruz, Pedro Nogueira, Estela Pereira, Magda Ferreira, Ana Marques, Marco Nunes, Telmo Faro-Viana, João Demengeot, Jocelyne Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for COVID-19, overall are poor responders to vaccines, and were prioritized in the Portuguese vaccination campaign. Objective: This work aimed at evaluating in HD patients the immunogenicity of BTN162b2 after the two doses induction phase, the persistence of specific antibodies along time, and factors predicting these outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective, 6-month long longitudinal cohort analysis of 156 HD patients scheduled to receive BTN162b2. ELISA quantified anti-spike IgG, IgM, and IgA levels in sera were collected every 3 weeks during the induction phase (t0 before vaccine; t1, d21 post first dose; and t2 d21 post second dose), and every 3–4 months during the waning phase (t3, d140, and t4, d180 post first dose). The age-matched control cohort was similarly analyzed from t0 to t2. Results: Upon exclusion of participants identified as previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion at t1 was lower in patients than controls (29 and 50%, respectively, p = 0.0014), while the second vaccine dose served as a boost in both cohorts (91 and 95% positivity, respectively, at t2, p = 0.2463). Lower response in patients than controls at t1 was a singularity of the participants ≤ 70 years (p = 2.01 × 10(−05)), associated with immunosuppressive therapies (p = 0.013), but not with lack of responsiveness to hepatitis B. Anti-spike IgG, IgM, and IgA levels decreased at t3, with IgG levels further waning at t4 and resulting in >30% seronegativity. Anti-spike IgG levels at t1 and t4 were correlated (ρ = 0.65, p < 2.2 × 10(−16)). Conclusions: While most HD patients seroconvert upon 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccination, anti-spike antibodies levels wane over the following 4 months, leading to early seroreversion in a sizeable fraction of the patients. These findings warrant close monitoring of COVID-19 infection in vaccinated HD patients, and advocate for further studies following reinforced vaccination schedules. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8740691/ /pubmed/35004771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.796676 Text en Copyright © 2021 Weigert, Bergman, Gonçalves, Godinho, Duarte, Abrantes, Borges, Brennand, Malheiro, Matoso, Akpogheneta, Kosack, Cruz, Nogueira, Pereira, Ferreira, Marques, Nunes, Faro-Viana, Demengeot and Penha-Gonçalves. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Weigert, André
Bergman, Marie-Louise
Gonçalves, Lígia A.
Godinho, Iolanda
Duarte, Nádia
Abrantes, Rita
Borges, Patrícia
Brennand, Ana
Malheiro, Vanessa
Matoso, Paula
Akpogheneta, Onome
Kosack, Lindsay
Cruz, Pedro
Nogueira, Estela
Pereira, Magda
Ferreira, Ana
Marques, Marco
Nunes, Telmo
Faro-Viana, João
Demengeot, Jocelyne
Penha-Gonçalves, Carlos
Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title_full Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title_fullStr Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title_short Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Responses to the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 6-Month Follow-Up
title_sort longitudinal analysis of antibody responses to the mrna bnt162b2 vaccine in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a 6-month follow-up
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740691/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35004771
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.796676
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