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Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: HIV is the second leading cause of death among young people globally, and adolescents are the only group where HIV mortality is not declining. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is one of few regions seeing rapid increase of HIV infections (31.0%) since 2001. MENA youth are at particu...

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Autores principales: Kteily-Hawa, Roula, Hawa, Aceel Christina, Gogolishvili, David, Al Akel, Mohammad, Andruszkiewicz, Nicole, Vijayanathan, Haran, Loutfy, Mona
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995320
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260935
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author Kteily-Hawa, Roula
Hawa, Aceel Christina
Gogolishvili, David
Al Akel, Mohammad
Andruszkiewicz, Nicole
Vijayanathan, Haran
Loutfy, Mona
author_facet Kteily-Hawa, Roula
Hawa, Aceel Christina
Gogolishvili, David
Al Akel, Mohammad
Andruszkiewicz, Nicole
Vijayanathan, Haran
Loutfy, Mona
author_sort Kteily-Hawa, Roula
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: HIV is the second leading cause of death among young people globally, and adolescents are the only group where HIV mortality is not declining. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is one of few regions seeing rapid increase of HIV infections (31.0%) since 2001. MENA youth are at particular risk of HIV due to dearth of research and challenges in accessing services. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review is to establish the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the MENA region. METHODS: Online database searches were conducted using combination of search terms. Screening 5,853 citations, published between 1990–2019 with age groups 16 to 29, resulted in 57 studies included across 18 MENA countries. RESULTS: ‘Key populations’ engage in risky behaviors, including: overlapping risky behaviors among youth who inject drugs (PWID); lack of access to HIV testing, condomless sex, and multiple sex partners among young men who have sex with men (MSM); and high and overlapping risk behaviors among young sex workers. Challenges facing other youth groups and bridging populations include: peer pressure, inhibition about discussing sexual health, lack of credible sex education sources, low condom use, and lack of access to HIV protection/prevention services, especially testing. CONCLUSION: Poor surveillance coupled with scarcity of rigorous studies limit what is known about epidemiology of HIV among youth in MENA. Homophobia, stigma around PWID, and illegal status of sex work promote non-disclosure of risk behaviors among youth and curtail serving this population.
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spelling pubmed-87410132022-01-08 Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature Kteily-Hawa, Roula Hawa, Aceel Christina Gogolishvili, David Al Akel, Mohammad Andruszkiewicz, Nicole Vijayanathan, Haran Loutfy, Mona PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: HIV is the second leading cause of death among young people globally, and adolescents are the only group where HIV mortality is not declining. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is one of few regions seeing rapid increase of HIV infections (31.0%) since 2001. MENA youth are at particular risk of HIV due to dearth of research and challenges in accessing services. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review is to establish the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the MENA region. METHODS: Online database searches were conducted using combination of search terms. Screening 5,853 citations, published between 1990–2019 with age groups 16 to 29, resulted in 57 studies included across 18 MENA countries. RESULTS: ‘Key populations’ engage in risky behaviors, including: overlapping risky behaviors among youth who inject drugs (PWID); lack of access to HIV testing, condomless sex, and multiple sex partners among young men who have sex with men (MSM); and high and overlapping risk behaviors among young sex workers. Challenges facing other youth groups and bridging populations include: peer pressure, inhibition about discussing sexual health, lack of credible sex education sources, low condom use, and lack of access to HIV protection/prevention services, especially testing. CONCLUSION: Poor surveillance coupled with scarcity of rigorous studies limit what is known about epidemiology of HIV among youth in MENA. Homophobia, stigma around PWID, and illegal status of sex work promote non-disclosure of risk behaviors among youth and curtail serving this population. Public Library of Science 2022-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8741013/ /pubmed/34995320 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260935 Text en © 2022 Kteily-Hawa et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kteily-Hawa, Roula
Hawa, Aceel Christina
Gogolishvili, David
Al Akel, Mohammad
Andruszkiewicz, Nicole
Vijayanathan, Haran
Loutfy, Mona
Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title_full Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title_fullStr Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title_short Understanding the epidemiological HIV risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: A scoping review of the literature
title_sort understanding the epidemiological hiv risk factors and underlying risk context for youth residing in or originating from the middle east and north africa (mena) region: a scoping review of the literature
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995320
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260935
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