Contactless facial video recording with deep learning models for the detection of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often asymptomatic and paroxysmal. Screening and monitoring are needed especially for people at high risk. This study sought to use camera-based remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) learning model for AF detection. All participants were classified into groups of AF, normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and other abnormality based on 12-lead ECG. They then underwent facial video recording for 10 min with rPPG signals extracted and segmented into 30-s clips as inputs of the training of DCNN models. Using voting algorithm, the participant would be predicted as AF if > 50% of their rPPG segments were determined as AF rhythm by the model. Of the 453 participants (mean age, 69.3 ± 13.0 years, women, 46%), a total of 7320 segments (1969 AF, 1604 NSR & 3747others) were analyzed by DCNN models. The accuracy rate of rPPG with deep learning model for discriminating AF from NSR and other abnormalities was 90.0% and 97.1% in 30-s and 10-min recording, respectively. This contactless, camera-based rPPG technique with a deep-learning model achieved significantly high accuracy to discriminate AF from non-AF and may enable a feasible way for a large-scale screening or monitoring in the future.