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Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study
BACKGROUND: The number of colleges and universities with smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies has been increasing. The effects of campus smoking policies on overall sentiment, particularly among young adult populations, are more difficult to assess owing to the changing tobacco and e-cigarette pro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
JMIR Publications
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8742203/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34951597 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33331 |
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author | Yang, Joshua S Cuomo, Raphael E Purushothaman, Vidya Nali, Matthew Shah, Neal Bardier, Cortni Obradovich, Nick Mackey, Tim |
author_facet | Yang, Joshua S Cuomo, Raphael E Purushothaman, Vidya Nali, Matthew Shah, Neal Bardier, Cortni Obradovich, Nick Mackey, Tim |
author_sort | Yang, Joshua S |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The number of colleges and universities with smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies has been increasing. The effects of campus smoking policies on overall sentiment, particularly among young adult populations, are more difficult to assess owing to the changing tobacco and e-cigarette product landscape and differential attitudes toward policy implementation and enforcement. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to retrospectively assess the campus climate toward tobacco use by comparing tweets from California universities with and those without smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies. METHODS: Geolocated Twitter posts from 2015 were collected using the Twitter public application programming interface in combination with cloud computing services on Amazon Web Services. Posts were filtered for tobacco products and behavior-related keywords. A total of 42,877,339 posts were collected from 2015, with 2837 originating from a University of California or California State University system campus, and 758 of these manually verified as being about smoking. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine if there were significant differences in tweet user sentiments between campuses that were smoke- or tobacco-free (all University of California campuses and California State University, Fullerton) compared to those that were not. A separate content analysis of tweets included in chi-square tests was conducted to identify major themes by campus smoking policy status. RESULTS: The percentage of positive sentiment tweets toward tobacco use was higher on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy than on campuses with a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy (76.7% vs 66.4%, P=.03). Higher positive sentiment on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy may have been driven by general comments about one’s own smoking behavior and comments about smoking as a general behavior. Positive sentiment tweets originating from campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free policy had greater variation in tweet type, which may have also contributed to differences in sentiment among universities. CONCLUSIONS: Our study introduces preliminary data suggesting that campus smoke- and tobacco-free policies are associated with a reduction in positive sentiment toward smoking. However, continued expressions and intentions to smoke and reports of one’s own smoking among Twitter users suggest a need for more research to better understand the dynamics between implementation of smoke- and tobacco-free policies and resulting tobacco behavioral sentiment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8742203 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | JMIR Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87422032022-01-21 Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study Yang, Joshua S Cuomo, Raphael E Purushothaman, Vidya Nali, Matthew Shah, Neal Bardier, Cortni Obradovich, Nick Mackey, Tim JMIR Form Res Short Paper BACKGROUND: The number of colleges and universities with smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies has been increasing. The effects of campus smoking policies on overall sentiment, particularly among young adult populations, are more difficult to assess owing to the changing tobacco and e-cigarette product landscape and differential attitudes toward policy implementation and enforcement. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to retrospectively assess the campus climate toward tobacco use by comparing tweets from California universities with and those without smoke- or tobacco-free campus policies. METHODS: Geolocated Twitter posts from 2015 were collected using the Twitter public application programming interface in combination with cloud computing services on Amazon Web Services. Posts were filtered for tobacco products and behavior-related keywords. A total of 42,877,339 posts were collected from 2015, with 2837 originating from a University of California or California State University system campus, and 758 of these manually verified as being about smoking. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine if there were significant differences in tweet user sentiments between campuses that were smoke- or tobacco-free (all University of California campuses and California State University, Fullerton) compared to those that were not. A separate content analysis of tweets included in chi-square tests was conducted to identify major themes by campus smoking policy status. RESULTS: The percentage of positive sentiment tweets toward tobacco use was higher on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy than on campuses with a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy (76.7% vs 66.4%, P=.03). Higher positive sentiment on campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free campus policy may have been driven by general comments about one’s own smoking behavior and comments about smoking as a general behavior. Positive sentiment tweets originating from campuses without a smoke- or tobacco-free policy had greater variation in tweet type, which may have also contributed to differences in sentiment among universities. CONCLUSIONS: Our study introduces preliminary data suggesting that campus smoke- and tobacco-free policies are associated with a reduction in positive sentiment toward smoking. However, continued expressions and intentions to smoke and reports of one’s own smoking among Twitter users suggest a need for more research to better understand the dynamics between implementation of smoke- and tobacco-free policies and resulting tobacco behavioral sentiment. JMIR Publications 2021-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8742203/ /pubmed/34951597 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33331 Text en ©Joshua S Yang, Raphael E Cuomo, Vidya Purushothaman, Matthew Nali, Neal Shah, Cortni Bardier, Nick Obradovich, Tim Mackey. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 24.12.2021. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
spellingShingle | Short Paper Yang, Joshua S Cuomo, Raphael E Purushothaman, Vidya Nali, Matthew Shah, Neal Bardier, Cortni Obradovich, Nick Mackey, Tim Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title | Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title_full | Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title_fullStr | Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title_short | Campus Smoking Policies and Smoking-Related Twitter Posts Originating From California Public Universities: Retrospective Study |
title_sort | campus smoking policies and smoking-related twitter posts originating from california public universities: retrospective study |
topic | Short Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8742203/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34951597 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33331 |
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