Study on the Local Anti-Osteoporosis Effect of Polaprezinc-Loaded Antioxidant Electrospun Membrane

BACKGROUND: Compared with the healthy condition, osteoporotic bone defects are often accompanied by poor osteogenesis and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which pose serious challenges to bone augmentation and repair by normal resorbable guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. PURPOSE: Polaprezinc (PZ) was loaded into polycaprolactone/gelatin (PG) hybrid electrospun nanofibers to fabricate a GBR membrane with antioxidant and osteogenesis ability. METHODS: A series of physicochemical characterization were performed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurement. In addition to membrane degradation and PZ release detection, membranes were tested for cell viability, differentiation, and protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cells by CCK8, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and Western blotting assays. The membrane osteogenic capacity in cranial bone defects was studied by micro-CT in vivo. RESULTS: PZ was successfully doped into the PCL/GEL nanofibers to form a hydrophilic GBR membrane. The cumulative release of PZ was closely related to the membrane degradation behavior. PG/0.4%PZ membranes produced the best protective effect on cell proliferation/differentiation under oxidative stress microenvironment; however, the PG/0.8%PZ membrane was cytotoxic. Western blotting demonstrated that the PZ-loaded membrane upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1/SOD1 signaling molecules in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, micro-CT results showed an abundant formation of new bones in the PG/0.4%PZ group compared to the PG group. CONCLUSION: PZ-loaded degradable PG membranes (especially PG/0.4%PZ) have great potential to accelerate bone regeneration in oxidative stress-related diseases.