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Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host

Immunoediting is a well-known concept that occurs in cancer through three steps of elimination, equilibrium, and escape (3Es), where the immune system first suppresses the growth of tumor cells and then promotes them towards the malignancy. This phenomenon has been conceptualized in some chronic vir...

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Autores principales: Kheshtchin, Nasim, Bakhshi, Parisa, Arab, Samaneh, Nourizadeh, Maryam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35074569
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108531
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author Kheshtchin, Nasim
Bakhshi, Parisa
Arab, Samaneh
Nourizadeh, Maryam
author_facet Kheshtchin, Nasim
Bakhshi, Parisa
Arab, Samaneh
Nourizadeh, Maryam
author_sort Kheshtchin, Nasim
collection PubMed
description Immunoediting is a well-known concept that occurs in cancer through three steps of elimination, equilibrium, and escape (3Es), where the immune system first suppresses the growth of tumor cells and then promotes them towards the malignancy. This phenomenon has been conceptualized in some chronic viral infections such as HTLV-1 and HIV by obtaining the resistance to elimination and making a persistent form of infected cells especially in untreated patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a heterogeneous disease characterizing from mild/asymptomatic to severe/critical courses with some behavioral aspects in an immunoediting setting. In this context, a coordinated effort between innate and adaptive immune system leads to detection and destruction of early infection followed by equilibrium between virus-specific responses and infected cells, which eventually ends up with an uncontrolled inflammatory response in severe/critical patients. Although the SARS-CoV-2 applies several escape strategies such as mutations in viral epitopes, modulating the interferon response and inhibiting the MHC I molecules similar to the cancer cells, the 3Es hallmark may not occur in all clinical conditions. Here, we discuss how the lesson learnt from cancer immunoediting and accurate understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms helps to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-87434952022-01-10 Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host Kheshtchin, Nasim Bakhshi, Parisa Arab, Samaneh Nourizadeh, Maryam Int Immunopharmacol Article Immunoediting is a well-known concept that occurs in cancer through three steps of elimination, equilibrium, and escape (3Es), where the immune system first suppresses the growth of tumor cells and then promotes them towards the malignancy. This phenomenon has been conceptualized in some chronic viral infections such as HTLV-1 and HIV by obtaining the resistance to elimination and making a persistent form of infected cells especially in untreated patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a heterogeneous disease characterizing from mild/asymptomatic to severe/critical courses with some behavioral aspects in an immunoediting setting. In this context, a coordinated effort between innate and adaptive immune system leads to detection and destruction of early infection followed by equilibrium between virus-specific responses and infected cells, which eventually ends up with an uncontrolled inflammatory response in severe/critical patients. Although the SARS-CoV-2 applies several escape strategies such as mutations in viral epitopes, modulating the interferon response and inhibiting the MHC I molecules similar to the cancer cells, the 3Es hallmark may not occur in all clinical conditions. Here, we discuss how the lesson learnt from cancer immunoediting and accurate understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms helps to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Elsevier B.V. 2022-04 2022-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8743495/ /pubmed/35074569 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108531 Text en © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Kheshtchin, Nasim
Bakhshi, Parisa
Arab, Samaneh
Nourizadeh, Maryam
Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title_full Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title_fullStr Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title_full_unstemmed Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title_short Immunoediting in SARS-CoV-2: Mutual relationship between the virus and the host
title_sort immunoediting in sars-cov-2: mutual relationship between the virus and the host
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35074569
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108531
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