Cargando…

Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model

BACKGROUND: Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and varying degrees of chronic pelvic pain. The aims of this study were to establish a rat model of PID and characterize its progression in order to assist in the study of pathophy...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fan, Linyuan, Liu, Zhaohui, Zhang, Zhan, Li, Ting, Li, Hua, Chen, Jing, Zong, Xiaonan, Zhang, Xu, Chen, Xi, Bai, Huihui, Wang, Fengjuan, Shang, Chenguang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AME Publishing Company 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071404
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-3345
_version_ 1784629964844302336
author Fan, Linyuan
Liu, Zhaohui
Zhang, Zhan
Li, Ting
Li, Hua
Chen, Jing
Zong, Xiaonan
Zhang, Xu
Chen, Xi
Bai, Huihui
Wang, Fengjuan
Shang, Chenguang
author_facet Fan, Linyuan
Liu, Zhaohui
Zhang, Zhan
Li, Ting
Li, Hua
Chen, Jing
Zong, Xiaonan
Zhang, Xu
Chen, Xi
Bai, Huihui
Wang, Fengjuan
Shang, Chenguang
author_sort Fan, Linyuan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and varying degrees of chronic pelvic pain. The aims of this study were to establish a rat model of PID and characterize its progression in order to assist in the study of pathophysiological mechanisms and to provide animal model for future studies of PID treatments. METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (female, 6-weeks-old) were divided into a model group (n=28) and a control group (n=22). The rat endometrium was mechanically injured by a needle which moved back and forth 3 times on the endometrial tissue, and a mixed bacterial solution (6×10(8) CFU) of equal concentrations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was injected into both horns of the rat uterus. Physiological characteristics including weight, temperature, blood, and inflammatory factors were compared, and immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the progress and sequela of PID. RESULTS: The model rats experienced acute PID in the first 14 days and exhibited higher body temperatures and decreased body weight. Infection-related factors in the blood were also significantly changed compared with the normal group, with obviously increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Congestion and edema were observed in the uteri of the model rats, followed by infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells and ultrastructural morphology changes. Histological examination of the uterus showed that adhesion initially appeared at approximately 21 days. In addition to the increased collagen fibers biomass, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) was elevated, which might have contributed to pelvic tissue adhesion formation in the PID sequela. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly described the characteristics and progression of PID in a rat model. The detailed evidence increased our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of PID and may be useful for future studies of PID treatments.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8743706
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher AME Publishing Company
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87437062022-01-21 Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model Fan, Linyuan Liu, Zhaohui Zhang, Zhan Li, Ting Li, Hua Chen, Jing Zong, Xiaonan Zhang, Xu Chen, Xi Bai, Huihui Wang, Fengjuan Shang, Chenguang Ann Transl Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and varying degrees of chronic pelvic pain. The aims of this study were to establish a rat model of PID and characterize its progression in order to assist in the study of pathophysiological mechanisms and to provide animal model for future studies of PID treatments. METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (female, 6-weeks-old) were divided into a model group (n=28) and a control group (n=22). The rat endometrium was mechanically injured by a needle which moved back and forth 3 times on the endometrial tissue, and a mixed bacterial solution (6×10(8) CFU) of equal concentrations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was injected into both horns of the rat uterus. Physiological characteristics including weight, temperature, blood, and inflammatory factors were compared, and immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the progress and sequela of PID. RESULTS: The model rats experienced acute PID in the first 14 days and exhibited higher body temperatures and decreased body weight. Infection-related factors in the blood were also significantly changed compared with the normal group, with obviously increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Congestion and edema were observed in the uteri of the model rats, followed by infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells and ultrastructural morphology changes. Histological examination of the uterus showed that adhesion initially appeared at approximately 21 days. In addition to the increased collagen fibers biomass, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) was elevated, which might have contributed to pelvic tissue adhesion formation in the PID sequela. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly described the characteristics and progression of PID in a rat model. The detailed evidence increased our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of PID and may be useful for future studies of PID treatments. AME Publishing Company 2021-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8743706/ /pubmed/35071404 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-3345 Text en 2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Fan, Linyuan
Liu, Zhaohui
Zhang, Zhan
Li, Ting
Li, Hua
Chen, Jing
Zong, Xiaonan
Zhang, Xu
Chen, Xi
Bai, Huihui
Wang, Fengjuan
Shang, Chenguang
Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title_full Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title_fullStr Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title_full_unstemmed Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title_short Identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
title_sort identifying the clinical presentations, progression, and sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease through physiological, histological and ultrastructural evaluation of a rat animal model
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35071404
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-3345
work_keys_str_mv AT fanlinyuan identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT liuzhaohui identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT zhangzhan identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT liting identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT lihua identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT chenjing identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT zongxiaonan identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT zhangxu identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT chenxi identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT baihuihui identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT wangfengjuan identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel
AT shangchenguang identifyingtheclinicalpresentationsprogressionandsequelaofpelvicinflammatorydiseasethroughphysiologicalhistologicalandultrastructuralevaluationofaratanimalmodel