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Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and...

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Autores principales: Kozhanova, Nazym, Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan, Lozowicka, Bozena, Kozhanov, Zhassulan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Veterinary World 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35017843
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956
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author Kozhanova, Nazym
Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan
Lozowicka, Bozena
Kozhanov, Zhassulan
author_facet Kozhanova, Nazym
Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan
Lozowicka, Bozena
Kozhanov, Zhassulan
author_sort Kozhanova, Nazym
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIM: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare’s milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare’s milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. RESULTS: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. CONCLUSION: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.
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spelling pubmed-87437882022-01-10 Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan Kozhanova, Nazym Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan Lozowicka, Bozena Kozhanov, Zhassulan Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare’s milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare’s milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. RESULTS: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. CONCLUSION: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed. Veterinary World 2021-11 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8743788/ /pubmed/35017843 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956 Text en Copyright: © Kozhanova, et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kozhanova, Nazym
Sarsembayeva, Nurzhan
Lozowicka, Bozena
Kozhanov, Zhassulan
Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_full Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_fullStr Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_short Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan
title_sort seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in kazakhstan
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35017843
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2947-2956
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