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Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology

Cellular adaptive mechanisms emerging after exposure to low levels of toxic agents or stressful stimuli comprise an important biological feature that has gained considerable scientific interest. Investigations of low-dose exposures to diverse chemical compounds signify the non-linear mode of action...

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Autores principales: Skaperda, Zoi, Tekos, Fotios, Vardakas, Periklis, Nepka, Charitini, Kouretas, Demetrios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8744777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010049
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author Skaperda, Zoi
Tekos, Fotios
Vardakas, Periklis
Nepka, Charitini
Kouretas, Demetrios
author_facet Skaperda, Zoi
Tekos, Fotios
Vardakas, Periklis
Nepka, Charitini
Kouretas, Demetrios
author_sort Skaperda, Zoi
collection PubMed
description Cellular adaptive mechanisms emerging after exposure to low levels of toxic agents or stressful stimuli comprise an important biological feature that has gained considerable scientific interest. Investigations of low-dose exposures to diverse chemical compounds signify the non-linear mode of action in the exposed cell or organism at such dose levels in contrast to the classic detrimental effects induced at higher ones, a phenomenon usually referred to as hormesis. The resulting phenotype is a beneficial effect that tests our physiology within the limits of our homeostatic adaptations. Therefore, doses below the region of adverse responses are of particular interest and are specified as the hormetic gain zone. The manifestation of redox adaptations aiming to prevent from disturbances of redox homeostasis represent an area of particular interest in hormetic responses, observed after exposure not only to stressors but also to compounds of natural origin, such as phytochemicals. Findings from previous studies on several agents demonstrate the heterogeneity of the specific zone in terms of the molecular events occurring. Major factors deeply involved in these biphasic phenomena are the bioactive compound per se, the dose level, the duration of exposure, the cell, tissue or even organ exposed to and, of course, the biomarker examined. In the end, the molecular fate is a complex toxicological event, based on beneficial and detrimental effects, which, however, are poorly understood to date.
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spelling pubmed-87447772022-01-11 Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology Skaperda, Zoi Tekos, Fotios Vardakas, Periklis Nepka, Charitini Kouretas, Demetrios Int J Mol Sci Review Cellular adaptive mechanisms emerging after exposure to low levels of toxic agents or stressful stimuli comprise an important biological feature that has gained considerable scientific interest. Investigations of low-dose exposures to diverse chemical compounds signify the non-linear mode of action in the exposed cell or organism at such dose levels in contrast to the classic detrimental effects induced at higher ones, a phenomenon usually referred to as hormesis. The resulting phenotype is a beneficial effect that tests our physiology within the limits of our homeostatic adaptations. Therefore, doses below the region of adverse responses are of particular interest and are specified as the hormetic gain zone. The manifestation of redox adaptations aiming to prevent from disturbances of redox homeostasis represent an area of particular interest in hormetic responses, observed after exposure not only to stressors but also to compounds of natural origin, such as phytochemicals. Findings from previous studies on several agents demonstrate the heterogeneity of the specific zone in terms of the molecular events occurring. Major factors deeply involved in these biphasic phenomena are the bioactive compound per se, the dose level, the duration of exposure, the cell, tissue or even organ exposed to and, of course, the biomarker examined. In the end, the molecular fate is a complex toxicological event, based on beneficial and detrimental effects, which, however, are poorly understood to date. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8744777/ /pubmed/35008472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010049 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Skaperda, Zoi
Tekos, Fotios
Vardakas, Periklis
Nepka, Charitini
Kouretas, Demetrios
Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title_full Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title_fullStr Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title_full_unstemmed Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title_short Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology
title_sort reconceptualization of hormetic responses in the frame of redox toxicology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8744777/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010049
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