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Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Objectives: There is paucity of data on determinants of length of COVID-19 admissions and long COVID, an emerging long-term sequel of COVID-19, in Ghana. Therefore, this study identified these determinants and discussed their policy implications. Method: Data of 2334 patients seen at the main COVID-...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8744866/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010527 |
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author | Crankson, Shirley Pokhrel, Subhash Anokye, Nana Kwame |
author_facet | Crankson, Shirley Pokhrel, Subhash Anokye, Nana Kwame |
author_sort | Crankson, Shirley |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: There is paucity of data on determinants of length of COVID-19 admissions and long COVID, an emerging long-term sequel of COVID-19, in Ghana. Therefore, this study identified these determinants and discussed their policy implications. Method: Data of 2334 patients seen at the main COVID-19 treatment centre in Ghana were analysed in this study. Their characteristics, such as age, education level and comorbidities, were examined as explanatory variables. The dependent variables were length of COVID-19 hospitalisations and long COVID. Negative binomial and binary logistic regressions were fitted to investigate the determinants. Result: The regression analyses showed that, on average, COVID-19 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus spent almost 2 days longer in hospital (p = 0.00, 95% CI = 1.42–2.33) and had 4 times the odds of long COVID (95% CI = 1.61–10.85, p = 0.003) compared to those with no comorbidities. In addition, the odds of long COVID decreased with increasing patient’s education level (primary OR = 0.73, p = 0.02; secondary/vocational OR = 0.26, p = 0.02; tertiary education OR = 0.23, p = 0.12). Conclusion: The presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus determined both length of hospitalisation and long COVID among patients with COVID-19 in Ghana. COVID-19 prevention and management policies should therefore consider these factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8744866 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87448662022-01-11 Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Crankson, Shirley Pokhrel, Subhash Anokye, Nana Kwame Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Objectives: There is paucity of data on determinants of length of COVID-19 admissions and long COVID, an emerging long-term sequel of COVID-19, in Ghana. Therefore, this study identified these determinants and discussed their policy implications. Method: Data of 2334 patients seen at the main COVID-19 treatment centre in Ghana were analysed in this study. Their characteristics, such as age, education level and comorbidities, were examined as explanatory variables. The dependent variables were length of COVID-19 hospitalisations and long COVID. Negative binomial and binary logistic regressions were fitted to investigate the determinants. Result: The regression analyses showed that, on average, COVID-19 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus spent almost 2 days longer in hospital (p = 0.00, 95% CI = 1.42–2.33) and had 4 times the odds of long COVID (95% CI = 1.61–10.85, p = 0.003) compared to those with no comorbidities. In addition, the odds of long COVID decreased with increasing patient’s education level (primary OR = 0.73, p = 0.02; secondary/vocational OR = 0.26, p = 0.02; tertiary education OR = 0.23, p = 0.12). Conclusion: The presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus determined both length of hospitalisation and long COVID among patients with COVID-19 in Ghana. COVID-19 prevention and management policies should therefore consider these factors. MDPI 2022-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8744866/ /pubmed/35010786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010527 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Crankson, Shirley Pokhrel, Subhash Anokye, Nana Kwame Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title | Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_full | Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_fullStr | Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_short | Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis |
title_sort | determinants of covid-19-related length of hospital stays and long covid in ghana: a cross-sectional analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8744866/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010527 |
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