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Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents
Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor’s microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, st...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745063/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008840 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010402 |
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author | Veeranarayanan, Srivani Azam, Aa Haeruman Kiga, Kotaro Watanabe, Shinya Cui, Longzhu |
author_facet | Veeranarayanan, Srivani Azam, Aa Haeruman Kiga, Kotaro Watanabe, Shinya Cui, Longzhu |
author_sort | Veeranarayanan, Srivani |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor’s microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, still a considerable loss of life happens, due to the limitation of treatment options and the outcomes of ineffective treatments. Cancer cells evolve with chemo- or radiation-treatment strategies and later show adaptive behavior, leading to failed treatment. These challenges demand tailored and individually apt personalized treatment methods. Bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-based theragnostic vectors are gaining attention in the field of modern cancer medicine, beyond their bactericidal ability. With the invention of the latest techniques to fine-tune phages, such as in the field of genetic engineering, synthetic assembly methods, phage display, and chemical modifications, noteworthy progress in phage vector research for safe cancer application has been realized, including use in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we discuss the distinct fingerprints of solid tumor physiology and the potential for bacteriophage vectors to exploit specific tumor features for improvised tumor theragnostic applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8745063 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87450632022-01-11 Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents Veeranarayanan, Srivani Azam, Aa Haeruman Kiga, Kotaro Watanabe, Shinya Cui, Longzhu Int J Mol Sci Review Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor’s microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, still a considerable loss of life happens, due to the limitation of treatment options and the outcomes of ineffective treatments. Cancer cells evolve with chemo- or radiation-treatment strategies and later show adaptive behavior, leading to failed treatment. These challenges demand tailored and individually apt personalized treatment methods. Bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-based theragnostic vectors are gaining attention in the field of modern cancer medicine, beyond their bactericidal ability. With the invention of the latest techniques to fine-tune phages, such as in the field of genetic engineering, synthetic assembly methods, phage display, and chemical modifications, noteworthy progress in phage vector research for safe cancer application has been realized, including use in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we discuss the distinct fingerprints of solid tumor physiology and the potential for bacteriophage vectors to exploit specific tumor features for improvised tumor theragnostic applications. MDPI 2021-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8745063/ /pubmed/35008840 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010402 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Veeranarayanan, Srivani Azam, Aa Haeruman Kiga, Kotaro Watanabe, Shinya Cui, Longzhu Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title | Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title_full | Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title_fullStr | Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title_short | Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents |
title_sort | bacteriophages as solid tumor theragnostic agents |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745063/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008840 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010402 |
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