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Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression
Pro-inflammatory systemic conditions that can cause neuroinflammation and subsequent alterations in brain regions involved in emotional regulation have been suggested as an underlying mechanism for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). A prominent feature of MDD is disruption of ci...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745430/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010305 |
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author | Won, Eunsoo Na, Kyoung-Sae Kim, Yong-Ku |
author_facet | Won, Eunsoo Na, Kyoung-Sae Kim, Yong-Ku |
author_sort | Won, Eunsoo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pro-inflammatory systemic conditions that can cause neuroinflammation and subsequent alterations in brain regions involved in emotional regulation have been suggested as an underlying mechanism for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). A prominent feature of MDD is disruption of circadian rhythms, of which melatonin is considered a key moderator, and alterations in the melatonin system have been implicated in MDD. Melatonin is involved in immune system regulation and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in inflammatory conditions, through both immunological and non-immunological actions. Melatonin has been suggested as a highly cytoprotective and neuroprotective substance and shown to stimulate all stages of neuroplasticity in animal models. The ability of melatonin to suppress inflammatory responses through immunological and non-immunological actions, thus influencing neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, along with subsequent alterations in brain regions that are implicated in depression, can be demonstrated by the antidepressant-like effects of melatonin. Further studies that investigate the associations between melatonin, immune markers, and alterations in the brain structure and function in patients with depression could identify potential MDD biomarkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8745430 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87454302022-01-11 Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression Won, Eunsoo Na, Kyoung-Sae Kim, Yong-Ku Int J Mol Sci Review Pro-inflammatory systemic conditions that can cause neuroinflammation and subsequent alterations in brain regions involved in emotional regulation have been suggested as an underlying mechanism for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). A prominent feature of MDD is disruption of circadian rhythms, of which melatonin is considered a key moderator, and alterations in the melatonin system have been implicated in MDD. Melatonin is involved in immune system regulation and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in inflammatory conditions, through both immunological and non-immunological actions. Melatonin has been suggested as a highly cytoprotective and neuroprotective substance and shown to stimulate all stages of neuroplasticity in animal models. The ability of melatonin to suppress inflammatory responses through immunological and non-immunological actions, thus influencing neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, along with subsequent alterations in brain regions that are implicated in depression, can be demonstrated by the antidepressant-like effects of melatonin. Further studies that investigate the associations between melatonin, immune markers, and alterations in the brain structure and function in patients with depression could identify potential MDD biomarkers. MDPI 2021-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8745430/ /pubmed/35008730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010305 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Won, Eunsoo Na, Kyoung-Sae Kim, Yong-Ku Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title | Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title_full | Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title_fullStr | Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title_short | Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression |
title_sort | associations between melatonin, neuroinflammation, and brain alterations in depression |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745430/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010305 |
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