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Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure

We investigate glial cell activation and oxidative stress induced by taurine deficiency secondary to β-alanine administration and light exposure. Two months old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and three experimental groups that were treated with 3% β-alanine in drinking water (...

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Autores principales: Martínez-Vacas, Ana, Di Pierdomenico, Johnny, Valiente-Soriano, Francisco J., Vidal-Sanz, Manuel, Picaud, Serge, Villegas-Pérez, María Paz, García-Ayuso, Diego
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008772
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010346
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author Martínez-Vacas, Ana
Di Pierdomenico, Johnny
Valiente-Soriano, Francisco J.
Vidal-Sanz, Manuel
Picaud, Serge
Villegas-Pérez, María Paz
García-Ayuso, Diego
author_facet Martínez-Vacas, Ana
Di Pierdomenico, Johnny
Valiente-Soriano, Francisco J.
Vidal-Sanz, Manuel
Picaud, Serge
Villegas-Pérez, María Paz
García-Ayuso, Diego
author_sort Martínez-Vacas, Ana
collection PubMed
description We investigate glial cell activation and oxidative stress induced by taurine deficiency secondary to β-alanine administration and light exposure. Two months old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and three experimental groups that were treated with 3% β-alanine in drinking water (taurine depleted) for two months, light exposed or both. Retinal and external thickness were measured in vivo at baseline and pre-processing with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Retinal cryostat cross sections were immunodetected with antibodies against various antigens to investigate microglial and macroglial cell reaction, photoreceptor outer segments, synaptic connections and oxidative stress. Taurine depletion caused a decrease in retinal thickness, shortening of photoreceptor outer segments, microglial cell activation, oxidative stress in the outer and inner nuclear layers and the ganglion cell layer and synaptic loss. These events were also observed in light exposed animals, which in addition showed photoreceptor death and macroglial cell reactivity. Light exposure under taurine depletion further increased glial cell reaction and oxidative stress. Finally, the retinal pigment epithelial cells were Fluorogold labeled and whole mounted, and we document that taurine depletion impairs their phagocytic capacity. We conclude that taurine depletion causes cell damage to various retinal layers including retinal pigment epithelial cells, photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, and increases the susceptibility of the photoreceptor outer segments to light damage. Thus, beta-alanine supplements should be used with caution.
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spelling pubmed-87455312022-01-11 Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure Martínez-Vacas, Ana Di Pierdomenico, Johnny Valiente-Soriano, Francisco J. Vidal-Sanz, Manuel Picaud, Serge Villegas-Pérez, María Paz García-Ayuso, Diego Int J Mol Sci Article We investigate glial cell activation and oxidative stress induced by taurine deficiency secondary to β-alanine administration and light exposure. Two months old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and three experimental groups that were treated with 3% β-alanine in drinking water (taurine depleted) for two months, light exposed or both. Retinal and external thickness were measured in vivo at baseline and pre-processing with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Retinal cryostat cross sections were immunodetected with antibodies against various antigens to investigate microglial and macroglial cell reaction, photoreceptor outer segments, synaptic connections and oxidative stress. Taurine depletion caused a decrease in retinal thickness, shortening of photoreceptor outer segments, microglial cell activation, oxidative stress in the outer and inner nuclear layers and the ganglion cell layer and synaptic loss. These events were also observed in light exposed animals, which in addition showed photoreceptor death and macroglial cell reactivity. Light exposure under taurine depletion further increased glial cell reaction and oxidative stress. Finally, the retinal pigment epithelial cells were Fluorogold labeled and whole mounted, and we document that taurine depletion impairs their phagocytic capacity. We conclude that taurine depletion causes cell damage to various retinal layers including retinal pigment epithelial cells, photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, and increases the susceptibility of the photoreceptor outer segments to light damage. Thus, beta-alanine supplements should be used with caution. MDPI 2021-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8745531/ /pubmed/35008772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010346 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Martínez-Vacas, Ana
Di Pierdomenico, Johnny
Valiente-Soriano, Francisco J.
Vidal-Sanz, Manuel
Picaud, Serge
Villegas-Pérez, María Paz
García-Ayuso, Diego
Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title_full Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title_fullStr Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title_full_unstemmed Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title_short Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
title_sort glial cell activation and oxidative stress in retinal degeneration induced by β-alanine caused taurine depletion and light exposure
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35008772
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010346
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