Cargando…

Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films

Background: the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tanta...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lai, Bo-Wei, Chang, Yin-Yu, Shieh, Tzong-Ming, Huang, Heng-Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35009171
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010029
_version_ 1784630444356009984
author Lai, Bo-Wei
Chang, Yin-Yu
Shieh, Tzong-Ming
Huang, Heng-Li
author_facet Lai, Bo-Wei
Chang, Yin-Yu
Shieh, Tzong-Ming
Huang, Heng-Li
author_sort Lai, Bo-Wei
collection PubMed
description Background: the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Materials and methods: Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. Result: the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. Conclusions: TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8745842
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87458422022-01-11 Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films Lai, Bo-Wei Chang, Yin-Yu Shieh, Tzong-Ming Huang, Heng-Li Materials (Basel) Article Background: the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. Materials and methods: Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. Result: the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. Conclusions: TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8745842/ /pubmed/35009171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010029 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lai, Bo-Wei
Chang, Yin-Yu
Shieh, Tzong-Ming
Huang, Heng-Li
Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title_full Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title_fullStr Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title_full_unstemmed Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title_short Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films
title_sort biocompatibility and microstructure-based stress analyses of tinbzrta composite films
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35009171
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010029
work_keys_str_mv AT laibowei biocompatibilityandmicrostructurebasedstressanalysesoftinbzrtacompositefilms
AT changyinyu biocompatibilityandmicrostructurebasedstressanalysesoftinbzrtacompositefilms
AT shiehtzongming biocompatibilityandmicrostructurebasedstressanalysesoftinbzrtacompositefilms
AT huanghengli biocompatibilityandmicrostructurebasedstressanalysesoftinbzrtacompositefilms