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Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization

Non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion...

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Autores principales: Heller, Martin, Stöcker, Anett, Kawalla, Rudolf, Leuning, Nora, Hameyer, Kay, Wei, Xuefei, Hirt, Gerhard, Böhm, Lucas, Volk, Wolfram, Korte-Kerzel, Sandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35009177
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010032
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author Heller, Martin
Stöcker, Anett
Kawalla, Rudolf
Leuning, Nora
Hameyer, Kay
Wei, Xuefei
Hirt, Gerhard
Böhm, Lucas
Volk, Wolfram
Korte-Kerzel, Sandra
author_facet Heller, Martin
Stöcker, Anett
Kawalla, Rudolf
Leuning, Nora
Hameyer, Kay
Wei, Xuefei
Hirt, Gerhard
Böhm, Lucas
Volk, Wolfram
Korte-Kerzel, Sandra
author_sort Heller, Martin
collection PubMed
description Non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion towards an electricity-based one, these machines become more and more important and, as a consequence, the leverage effect in saving energy by improving efficiency is huge. It is already well established that different applications of an electrical machine have individual requirements for the properties of the NO electrical steel sheets, which in turn result from the microstructures and textures thereof. However, designing and producing tailor-made NO electrical steel sheet is still challenging, because the complex interdependence between processing steps, the different phenomena taking place and the resulting material properties are still not sufficiently understood. This work shows how established, as well as advanced and newly developed characterization methods, can be used to unfold these intricate connections. In this context, the respective characterization methods are explained and applied to NO electrical steel as well as to the typical processing steps. In addition, several experimental results are reviewed to show the strengths of the different methods, as well as their (dis)advantages, typical applications and obtainable data.
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spelling pubmed-87459702022-01-11 Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization Heller, Martin Stöcker, Anett Kawalla, Rudolf Leuning, Nora Hameyer, Kay Wei, Xuefei Hirt, Gerhard Böhm, Lucas Volk, Wolfram Korte-Kerzel, Sandra Materials (Basel) Article Non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheets find their application in rotating electrical machines, ranging from generators for wind turbines to motors for the transportation sector and small motors for kitchen appliances. With the current trend of moving away from fossil fuel-based energy conversion towards an electricity-based one, these machines become more and more important and, as a consequence, the leverage effect in saving energy by improving efficiency is huge. It is already well established that different applications of an electrical machine have individual requirements for the properties of the NO electrical steel sheets, which in turn result from the microstructures and textures thereof. However, designing and producing tailor-made NO electrical steel sheet is still challenging, because the complex interdependence between processing steps, the different phenomena taking place and the resulting material properties are still not sufficiently understood. This work shows how established, as well as advanced and newly developed characterization methods, can be used to unfold these intricate connections. In this context, the respective characterization methods are explained and applied to NO electrical steel as well as to the typical processing steps. In addition, several experimental results are reviewed to show the strengths of the different methods, as well as their (dis)advantages, typical applications and obtainable data. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8745970/ /pubmed/35009177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010032 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Heller, Martin
Stöcker, Anett
Kawalla, Rudolf
Leuning, Nora
Hameyer, Kay
Wei, Xuefei
Hirt, Gerhard
Böhm, Lucas
Volk, Wolfram
Korte-Kerzel, Sandra
Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title_full Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title_fullStr Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title_full_unstemmed Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title_short Characterization Methods along the Process Chain of Electrical Steel Sheet—From Best Practices to Advanced Characterization
title_sort characterization methods along the process chain of electrical steel sheet—from best practices to advanced characterization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8745970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35009177
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010032
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