Insights into Sorption–Mineralization Mechanism for Sustainable Granular Composite of MgO-CaO-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2)-CO(2) Based on Nanosized Adsorption Centers and Its Effect on Aqueous Cu(II) Removal

Although copper is needed for living organisms at low concentrations, it is one of the pollutants that should be monitored along with other heavy metals. A novel and sustainable composite mineralizing sorbent based on MgO-CaO-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2)-CO(2) with nanosized adsorption centers was synthesized using natural calcium–magnesium carbonates and clay aluminosilicates for copper sorption. An organometallic modifier was added as a temporary binder and a source of inovalent ions participating in the reactions of defect formation and activated sintering. The sorbent-mineralizer samples of specified composition and properties showed irreversible sorption of Cu(2+) ions by the ion exchange reactions Ca(2+) ↔ Cu(2+) and Mg(2+) ↔ Cu(2+). The topochemical reactions of the ion exchange 2OH(−) → CO(3)(2−), 2OH(−) → SO(4)(2−) and CO(3)(2−) → SO(4)(2−) occurred at the surface with formation of the mixed calcium–copper carbonates and sulfates structurally connected with aluminosilicate matrix. The reverse migration of ions to the environment is blocked by the subsequent mineralization of the newly formed interconnected aluminosilicate and carbonate structures.