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The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critica...

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Autores principales: Alshaikh, Belal N., Reyes Loredo, Adriana, Knauff, Megan, Momin, Sarfaraz, Moossavi, Shirin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011027
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010145
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author Alshaikh, Belal N.
Reyes Loredo, Adriana
Knauff, Megan
Momin, Sarfaraz
Moossavi, Shirin
author_facet Alshaikh, Belal N.
Reyes Loredo, Adriana
Knauff, Megan
Momin, Sarfaraz
Moossavi, Shirin
author_sort Alshaikh, Belal N.
collection PubMed
description Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critical roles. Dietary fats are not only the main source of energy for preterm infants, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, intestinal microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammatory response. Preterm infants have a relatively low capacity to digest and absorb triglyceride fat. Fat may thereby accumulate in the ileum and contribute to the development of NEC by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some fat components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), also exert immunomodulatory roles during the early postnatal period when the immune system is rapidly developing. LC-PUFAs may have the ability to modulate the inflammatory process of NEC, particularly when the balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is maintained. Supplementation with n3 LC-PUFAs alone may have limited effect on NEC prevention. In this review, we describe how various fatty acids play different roles in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.
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spelling pubmed-87466722022-01-11 The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Alshaikh, Belal N. Reyes Loredo, Adriana Knauff, Megan Momin, Sarfaraz Moossavi, Shirin Nutrients Review Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critical roles. Dietary fats are not only the main source of energy for preterm infants, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, intestinal microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammatory response. Preterm infants have a relatively low capacity to digest and absorb triglyceride fat. Fat may thereby accumulate in the ileum and contribute to the development of NEC by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some fat components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), also exert immunomodulatory roles during the early postnatal period when the immune system is rapidly developing. LC-PUFAs may have the ability to modulate the inflammatory process of NEC, particularly when the balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is maintained. Supplementation with n3 LC-PUFAs alone may have limited effect on NEC prevention. In this review, we describe how various fatty acids play different roles in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants. MDPI 2021-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8746672/ /pubmed/35011027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010145 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alshaikh, Belal N.
Reyes Loredo, Adriana
Knauff, Megan
Momin, Sarfaraz
Moossavi, Shirin
The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title_full The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title_fullStr The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title_short The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
title_sort role of dietary fats in the development and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011027
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010145
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