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In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants

Polyphenols are a large family of natural compounds widely used in cosmetic products due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory beneficial properties and their ability to prevent UV radiation-induced oxidative stress. Since these compounds present chromophores and are applied directly to the ski...

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Autores principales: Aguiar, Brandon, Carmo, Helena, Garrido, Jorge, Sousa Lobo, José M., Almeida, Isabel F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746784/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011420
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010189
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author Aguiar, Brandon
Carmo, Helena
Garrido, Jorge
Sousa Lobo, José M.
Almeida, Isabel F.
author_facet Aguiar, Brandon
Carmo, Helena
Garrido, Jorge
Sousa Lobo, José M.
Almeida, Isabel F.
author_sort Aguiar, Brandon
collection PubMed
description Polyphenols are a large family of natural compounds widely used in cosmetic products due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory beneficial properties and their ability to prevent UV radiation-induced oxidative stress. Since these compounds present chromophores and are applied directly to the skin, they can react with sunlight and exert phototoxic effects. The available scientific information on the phototoxic potential of these natural compounds is scarce, and thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the photoreactivity and phototoxicity of five phenolic antioxidants with documented use in cosmetic products. A standard ROS assay was validated and applied to screen the photoreactivity of the natural phenolic antioxidants caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and rutin. The phototoxicity potential was determined by using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), based on the 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake phototoxicity test. Although all studied phenolic antioxidants absorbed UV/Vis radiation in the range of 290 to 700 nm, only DOPAC was able to generate singlet oxygen. The generation of reactive oxygen species is an early-stage chemical reaction as part of the phototoxicity mechanism. Yet, none of the studied compounds decreased the viability of keratinocytes after irradiation, leading to the conclusion that they do not have phototoxic potential. The data obtained with this work suggests that these compounds are safe when incorporated in cosmetic products.
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spelling pubmed-87467842022-01-11 In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants Aguiar, Brandon Carmo, Helena Garrido, Jorge Sousa Lobo, José M. Almeida, Isabel F. Molecules Article Polyphenols are a large family of natural compounds widely used in cosmetic products due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory beneficial properties and their ability to prevent UV radiation-induced oxidative stress. Since these compounds present chromophores and are applied directly to the skin, they can react with sunlight and exert phototoxic effects. The available scientific information on the phototoxic potential of these natural compounds is scarce, and thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the photoreactivity and phototoxicity of five phenolic antioxidants with documented use in cosmetic products. A standard ROS assay was validated and applied to screen the photoreactivity of the natural phenolic antioxidants caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and rutin. The phototoxicity potential was determined by using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), based on the 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake phototoxicity test. Although all studied phenolic antioxidants absorbed UV/Vis radiation in the range of 290 to 700 nm, only DOPAC was able to generate singlet oxygen. The generation of reactive oxygen species is an early-stage chemical reaction as part of the phototoxicity mechanism. Yet, none of the studied compounds decreased the viability of keratinocytes after irradiation, leading to the conclusion that they do not have phototoxic potential. The data obtained with this work suggests that these compounds are safe when incorporated in cosmetic products. MDPI 2021-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8746784/ /pubmed/35011420 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010189 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Aguiar, Brandon
Carmo, Helena
Garrido, Jorge
Sousa Lobo, José M.
Almeida, Isabel F.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title_full In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title_fullStr In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title_short In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidants
title_sort in vitro evaluation of the photoreactivity and phototoxicity of natural polyphenol antioxidants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746784/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011420
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010189
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