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g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C(3)N(4), its photo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010121 |
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author | Dong, Jiaqi Zhang, Yue Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Zhou, Wenjie Chen, Yingzhi Wang, Lu-Ning |
author_facet | Dong, Jiaqi Zhang, Yue Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Zhou, Wenjie Chen, Yingzhi Wang, Lu-Ning |
author_sort | Dong, Jiaqi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C(3)N(4), its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C(3)N(4): hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C(3)N(4) (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method’s changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C(3)N(4) in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C(3)N(4) as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8746910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87469102022-01-11 g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications Dong, Jiaqi Zhang, Yue Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Zhou, Wenjie Chen, Yingzhi Wang, Lu-Ning Nanomaterials (Basel) Review Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C(3)N(4), its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C(3)N(4): hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C(3)N(4) (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method’s changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C(3)N(4) in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C(3)N(4) as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future. MDPI 2021-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8746910/ /pubmed/35010072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010121 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dong, Jiaqi Zhang, Yue Hussain, Muhammad Irfan Zhou, Wenjie Chen, Yingzhi Wang, Lu-Ning g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title | g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title_full | g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title_fullStr | g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title_short | g-C(3)N(4): Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications |
title_sort | g-c(3)n(4): properties, pore modifications, and photocatalytic applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010121 |
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