Corporate social responsibility budgeting and spending during COVID–19 in Oman: A humanitarian response to the pandemic

COVID–19 is causing economic panic among people, governments, and businesses, requiring greater corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a sample of Omani-listed firms, this study shows that CSR budgeting and spending have increased considerably during the pandemic. It also shows that CSR budgeting is positively affected by the increase in COVID–19 deaths. CSR spending increases with the number of COVID–19 confirmed and fatal cases. These findings suggest that firms resort to CSR to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic.