Diastolic dyssynchrony and its exercise-induced changes affect exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular diastolic dyssynchrony is common in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Little is known however, about its pathophysiology and clinical effects. Herein is hypothesized that presence of diastolic dyssynchrony at rest or at exercise may importantly contribute to HF symptoms. The aim was to investigate the influence of diastolic dyssynchrony and its exercise-induced changes on exercise capacity in HFREF patients. METHODS: Patients with stable, chronic HF, left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%, sinus rhythm and QRS ≥ 120 ms were eligible for the study. Rest and cyclo-ergometer exercise echocardiography were performed. Diastolic dyssynchrony was defined as opposing-wall-diastolic-delay ≥ 55 ms measured in tissue-Doppler imaging. Exercise capacity was assessed by peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)). Association between diastolic dyssynchrony and VO(2peak) was assessed in univariate regression analysis and further adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS: Fourty eight patients were included (aged 63.7 ± 12.2). Twenty-seven (56.25%) had diastolic dyssynchrony at rest and 13 (27%) at exercise. Twenty-two (46%) experienced a change in diastolic dyssynchrony status during exercise. In univariate models diastolic dyssynchrony at rest or at exercise were associated with lower VO(2peak) (beta coefficient = −3.8, p = 0.004; beta coefficient = −3.6, p = 0.02, respectively). However, the ability to restore diastolic synchronicity during exercise was associated with higher VO(2peak) (beta coefficient = 3.4, p = 0.04) and remained an important predictor of exercise capacity after adjustment for age and HF etiology. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to restore diastolic synchronicity at exercise predicts exercise capacity in patients with HFREF.