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Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview
The apelinergic system, which includes the apelin receptor (APJ) as well as its two specific ligands, namely apelin and ELABELA (ELA/APELA/Toddler), have been the subject of many recent studies due to their pleiotropic effects in humans and other animals. Expression of these factors has been investi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010099 |
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author | Dawid, Monika Mlyczyńska, Ewa Jurek, Małgorzata Respekta, Natalia Pich, Karolina Kurowska, Patrycja Gieras, Wiktoria Milewicz, Tomasz Kotula-Balak, Małgorzata Rak, Agnieszka |
author_facet | Dawid, Monika Mlyczyńska, Ewa Jurek, Małgorzata Respekta, Natalia Pich, Karolina Kurowska, Patrycja Gieras, Wiktoria Milewicz, Tomasz Kotula-Balak, Małgorzata Rak, Agnieszka |
author_sort | Dawid, Monika |
collection | PubMed |
description | The apelinergic system, which includes the apelin receptor (APJ) as well as its two specific ligands, namely apelin and ELABELA (ELA/APELA/Toddler), have been the subject of many recent studies due to their pleiotropic effects in humans and other animals. Expression of these factors has been investigated in numerous tissues and organs—for example, the lungs, heart, uterus, and ovary. Moreover, a number of studies have been devoted to understanding the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the most important processes in the body, starting from early stages of human life with regulation of placental function and the proper course of pregnancy. Disturbances in the balance of placental processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, or hormone secretion may lead to specific pregnancy pathologies; therefore, there is a great need to search for substances that would help in their early diagnosis or treatment. A number of studies have indicated that compounds of the apelinergic system could serve this purpose. Hence, in this review, we summarized the most important reports about the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the regulation of placental physiology and pregnancy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8750556 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87505562022-01-12 Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview Dawid, Monika Mlyczyńska, Ewa Jurek, Małgorzata Respekta, Natalia Pich, Karolina Kurowska, Patrycja Gieras, Wiktoria Milewicz, Tomasz Kotula-Balak, Małgorzata Rak, Agnieszka Cells Review The apelinergic system, which includes the apelin receptor (APJ) as well as its two specific ligands, namely apelin and ELABELA (ELA/APELA/Toddler), have been the subject of many recent studies due to their pleiotropic effects in humans and other animals. Expression of these factors has been investigated in numerous tissues and organs—for example, the lungs, heart, uterus, and ovary. Moreover, a number of studies have been devoted to understanding the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the most important processes in the body, starting from early stages of human life with regulation of placental function and the proper course of pregnancy. Disturbances in the balance of placental processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, or hormone secretion may lead to specific pregnancy pathologies; therefore, there is a great need to search for substances that would help in their early diagnosis or treatment. A number of studies have indicated that compounds of the apelinergic system could serve this purpose. Hence, in this review, we summarized the most important reports about the role of apelin and the entire apelinergic system in the regulation of placental physiology and pregnancy. MDPI 2021-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8750556/ /pubmed/35011661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010099 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dawid, Monika Mlyczyńska, Ewa Jurek, Małgorzata Respekta, Natalia Pich, Karolina Kurowska, Patrycja Gieras, Wiktoria Milewicz, Tomasz Kotula-Balak, Małgorzata Rak, Agnieszka Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title | Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title_full | Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title_fullStr | Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title_full_unstemmed | Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title_short | Apelin, APJ, and ELABELA: Role in Placental Function, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development—An Overview |
title_sort | apelin, apj, and elabela: role in placental function, pregnancy, and foetal development—an overview |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010099 |
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