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Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora
BACKGROUND: The human microbiota modulates the immune system and forms the surface flora. Antibiotic administration causes dysbiosis in the intestinal flora. It is not clear if antibiotic administration in the community effects the upper airway flora in the mid-term or long-term. This study aims to...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
International Scientific Literature, Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987147 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934931 |
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author | Korkmaz, Hakan Çetinkol, Yeliz Korkmaz, Mukadder Çalgın, Mustafa Kerem Arıcı, Yeliz Kaşko |
author_facet | Korkmaz, Hakan Çetinkol, Yeliz Korkmaz, Mukadder Çalgın, Mustafa Kerem Arıcı, Yeliz Kaşko |
author_sort | Korkmaz, Hakan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The human microbiota modulates the immune system and forms the surface flora. Antibiotic administration causes dysbiosis in the intestinal flora. It is not clear if antibiotic administration in the community effects the upper airway flora in the mid-term or long-term. This study aims to define long-term influence of antibiotics on upper airway flora. MATERIAL/METHODS: In this prospective study, aerobic microbiological analysis of nasal and nasopharyngeal surfaces was performed. Antibiotic administration history of the last 6 months was retrieved using the social insurance database. Culture results of antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-naïve subjects were compared by Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: A total of 210 subjects were included in the study. Normal flora were documented in 86 nasal swabs and 99 nasopharyngeal swabs. Most of the remaining cases demonstrated gram-positive bacterial overgrowth. There were 113 subjects who did not receive any antibiotic, and 93% of the remaining 97 patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics. Statistical analysis showed that nasal and nasopharyngeal flora did not change upon antibiotic administration, but antibiotic administration during the last month caused increased methicillin resistance development of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic exposure did not lead to perturbations in general composition of upper airway flora within 6 months, although the incidence of methicillin resistance in coagulase-positive and -negative Staphylococci demonstrated significant increases when patients received antibiotic during the last month. This should be considered in case of broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, since methicillin resistance increases the morbidity and mortality of nosocomial Staphylococcus infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8750656 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | International Scientific Literature, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87506562022-01-21 Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora Korkmaz, Hakan Çetinkol, Yeliz Korkmaz, Mukadder Çalgın, Mustafa Kerem Arıcı, Yeliz Kaşko Med Sci Monit Lab/In Vitro Research BACKGROUND: The human microbiota modulates the immune system and forms the surface flora. Antibiotic administration causes dysbiosis in the intestinal flora. It is not clear if antibiotic administration in the community effects the upper airway flora in the mid-term or long-term. This study aims to define long-term influence of antibiotics on upper airway flora. MATERIAL/METHODS: In this prospective study, aerobic microbiological analysis of nasal and nasopharyngeal surfaces was performed. Antibiotic administration history of the last 6 months was retrieved using the social insurance database. Culture results of antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-naïve subjects were compared by Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: A total of 210 subjects were included in the study. Normal flora were documented in 86 nasal swabs and 99 nasopharyngeal swabs. Most of the remaining cases demonstrated gram-positive bacterial overgrowth. There were 113 subjects who did not receive any antibiotic, and 93% of the remaining 97 patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics. Statistical analysis showed that nasal and nasopharyngeal flora did not change upon antibiotic administration, but antibiotic administration during the last month caused increased methicillin resistance development of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic exposure did not lead to perturbations in general composition of upper airway flora within 6 months, although the incidence of methicillin resistance in coagulase-positive and -negative Staphylococci demonstrated significant increases when patients received antibiotic during the last month. This should be considered in case of broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, since methicillin resistance increases the morbidity and mortality of nosocomial Staphylococcus infections. International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2022-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8750656/ /pubmed/34987147 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934931 Text en © Med Sci Monit, 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ) |
spellingShingle | Lab/In Vitro Research Korkmaz, Hakan Çetinkol, Yeliz Korkmaz, Mukadder Çalgın, Mustafa Kerem Arıcı, Yeliz Kaşko Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title | Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title_full | Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title_fullStr | Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title_short | Effect of Antibiotic Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Bacterial Flora |
title_sort | effect of antibiotic exposure on upper respiratory tract bacterial flora |
topic | Lab/In Vitro Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987147 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934931 |
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