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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Studies of the oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) carrying different alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are currently inconclusive; meanwhile, data regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) remain limited. We herein determined the thiobarbituric a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121971 |
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author | Liou, Chia-Wei Chen, Shih-Hsuan Lin, Tsu-Kung Tsai, Meng-Han Chang, Chiung-Chih |
author_facet | Liou, Chia-Wei Chen, Shih-Hsuan Lin, Tsu-Kung Tsai, Meng-Han Chang, Chiung-Chih |
author_sort | Liou, Chia-Wei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Studies of the oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) carrying different alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are currently inconclusive; meanwhile, data regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) remain limited. We herein determined the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thiols, and mtCN in blood samples of 600 AD patients and 601 controls. A significantly higher oxidative TBARS (1.64 μmol/L), lower antioxidative thiols (1.60 μmol/L), and lower mtCN (2.34 log Delta Ct) were found in the AD cohort as compared to the non-AD cohort (1.54 μmol/L, 1.71 μmol/L, 2.46 log Delta Ct). We further identified the ε4 alleles (APOE4) and separated subjects into three groups according to the number of APOE4. A significant trend was noted in the TBARS levels of both AD and non-AD cohorts, highest in the homozygous two alleles (1.86 and 1.80 μmol/L), followed by heterozygous one allele (1.70 and 1.74 μmol/L), and lowest in the no APOE4 allele (1.56 and 1.48 μmol/L). Similar trends of lower thiols and mtCN were also found in the AD cohort. In our study of the influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, we found significantly reduced TBARS levels, and elevated mtCN in AD patients receiving rivastigmine and galantamine therapy. Our study demonstrates associations between the APOE4 allele and oxidative stress biomarkers and mtCN. Using cholinesterase inhibitor therapy may benefit AD patients through attenuation of oxidative stress and manipulation of the mtCN. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8750673 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87506732022-01-12 Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Liou, Chia-Wei Chen, Shih-Hsuan Lin, Tsu-Kung Tsai, Meng-Han Chang, Chiung-Chih Antioxidants (Basel) Article Studies of the oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) carrying different alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are currently inconclusive; meanwhile, data regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) remain limited. We herein determined the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thiols, and mtCN in blood samples of 600 AD patients and 601 controls. A significantly higher oxidative TBARS (1.64 μmol/L), lower antioxidative thiols (1.60 μmol/L), and lower mtCN (2.34 log Delta Ct) were found in the AD cohort as compared to the non-AD cohort (1.54 μmol/L, 1.71 μmol/L, 2.46 log Delta Ct). We further identified the ε4 alleles (APOE4) and separated subjects into three groups according to the number of APOE4. A significant trend was noted in the TBARS levels of both AD and non-AD cohorts, highest in the homozygous two alleles (1.86 and 1.80 μmol/L), followed by heterozygous one allele (1.70 and 1.74 μmol/L), and lowest in the no APOE4 allele (1.56 and 1.48 μmol/L). Similar trends of lower thiols and mtCN were also found in the AD cohort. In our study of the influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, we found significantly reduced TBARS levels, and elevated mtCN in AD patients receiving rivastigmine and galantamine therapy. Our study demonstrates associations between the APOE4 allele and oxidative stress biomarkers and mtCN. Using cholinesterase inhibitor therapy may benefit AD patients through attenuation of oxidative stress and manipulation of the mtCN. MDPI 2021-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8750673/ /pubmed/34943074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121971 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liou, Chia-Wei Chen, Shih-Hsuan Lin, Tsu-Kung Tsai, Meng-Han Chang, Chiung-Chih Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title | Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full | Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short | Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort | oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial dna copy number associated with apoe4 allele and cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in patients with alzheimer’s disease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8750673/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121971 |
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