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Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults

Hypertension is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular health and non-amnestic cognitive impairment in older adults. While heart rate reserve (HRR) has been shown to be a risk factor for hypertension, how impaired HRR in older adults can lead to cognitive impairment is still unclear. The object...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bishnoi, Alka, Chaparro, Gioella N., Hernandez, Manuel E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8751037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010305
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010047
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author Bishnoi, Alka
Chaparro, Gioella N.
Hernandez, Manuel E.
author_facet Bishnoi, Alka
Chaparro, Gioella N.
Hernandez, Manuel E.
author_sort Bishnoi, Alka
collection PubMed
description Hypertension is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular health and non-amnestic cognitive impairment in older adults. While heart rate reserve (HRR) has been shown to be a risk factor for hypertension, how impaired HRR in older adults can lead to cognitive impairment is still unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of HRR on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation under varying dual-task demands in older adults. Twenty-eight older adults (50–82 years of age) were included in this study and divided into higher (n = 14) and lower (n = 14) HRR groups. Participants engaged in the cognitive task which was the Modified Stroop Color Word Test (MSCWT) on a self-paced treadmill while walking. Participants with higher HRR demonstrated increased PFC activation in comparison to lower HRR, even after controlling for covariates in analysis. Furthermore, as cognitive task difficulty increased (from neutral to congruent to incongruent to switching), PFC activation increased. In addition, there was a significant interaction between tasks and HRR group, with older adults with higher HRR demonstrating increases in PFC activation, faster gait speed, and increased accuracy, relative to those with lower HRR, when going from neutral to switching tasks. These results provide evidence of a relationship between HRR and prefrontal cortical activation and cognitive and physical performance, suggesting that HRR may serve as a biomarker for cognitive health of an older adult with or without cardiovascular risk.
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spelling pubmed-87510372022-01-12 Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults Bishnoi, Alka Chaparro, Gioella N. Hernandez, Manuel E. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Hypertension is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular health and non-amnestic cognitive impairment in older adults. While heart rate reserve (HRR) has been shown to be a risk factor for hypertension, how impaired HRR in older adults can lead to cognitive impairment is still unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of HRR on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation under varying dual-task demands in older adults. Twenty-eight older adults (50–82 years of age) were included in this study and divided into higher (n = 14) and lower (n = 14) HRR groups. Participants engaged in the cognitive task which was the Modified Stroop Color Word Test (MSCWT) on a self-paced treadmill while walking. Participants with higher HRR demonstrated increased PFC activation in comparison to lower HRR, even after controlling for covariates in analysis. Furthermore, as cognitive task difficulty increased (from neutral to congruent to incongruent to switching), PFC activation increased. In addition, there was a significant interaction between tasks and HRR group, with older adults with higher HRR demonstrating increases in PFC activation, faster gait speed, and increased accuracy, relative to those with lower HRR, when going from neutral to switching tasks. These results provide evidence of a relationship between HRR and prefrontal cortical activation and cognitive and physical performance, suggesting that HRR may serve as a biomarker for cognitive health of an older adult with or without cardiovascular risk. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8751037/ /pubmed/35010305 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010047 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bishnoi, Alka
Chaparro, Gioella N.
Hernandez, Manuel E.
Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title_full Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title_fullStr Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title_short Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Prefrontal Cortical Activation While Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults
title_sort effect of heart rate reserve on prefrontal cortical activation while dual-task walking in older adults
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8751037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010305
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010047
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