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Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19
High ferritin serum levels can be found in patients with macrophage activation syndrome, and increased serum ferritin due to cytokine storm have been reported in severe COVID-19 patients. Saliva is being increasingly used in COVID-19 tests as a diagnostic sample for virus detection and quantificatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8751062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010041 |
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author | Franco-Martínez, Lorena Cerón, José J. Vicente-Romero, María R. Bernal, Enrique Torres Cantero, Alberto Tecles, Fernando Sánchez Resalt, Cristina Martínez, Mónica Tvarijonaviciute, Asta Martínez-Subiela, Silvia |
author_facet | Franco-Martínez, Lorena Cerón, José J. Vicente-Romero, María R. Bernal, Enrique Torres Cantero, Alberto Tecles, Fernando Sánchez Resalt, Cristina Martínez, Mónica Tvarijonaviciute, Asta Martínez-Subiela, Silvia |
author_sort | Franco-Martínez, Lorena |
collection | PubMed |
description | High ferritin serum levels can be found in patients with macrophage activation syndrome, and increased serum ferritin due to cytokine storm have been reported in severe COVID-19 patients. Saliva is being increasingly used in COVID-19 tests as a diagnostic sample for virus detection and quantification. This study aimed to evaluate the possible changes in ferritin in saliva in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of different inactivation SARS-CoV-2 treatments in ferritin measurements in saliva, the correlation between ferritin in saliva and serum, and the possible effects of correction of ferritin values by total protein were assessed. Ferritin was measured in saliva from healthy (n = 30) and COVID-19 (n = 65) patients with severe, (n = 18) or mild (n = 47) disease, depending on the need for nasal flow oxygen or assisted respiration. Ferritin was also measured in paired serum and saliva samples (n = 32) from healthy and COVID-19 patients. The evaluated inactivation protocols did not affect the assay’s results except the addition of 0.5% SDS. Significantly higher ferritin was found in the saliva of COVID-19 patients (median; 25–75th percentile) (27.75; 9.77–52.2 µg/L), compared with healthy controls (4.21; 2.6–8.08 µg/L). Individuals with severe COVID-19 showed higher ferritin values in saliva (48.7; 18.7–53.9) than mild ones (15.5; 5.28–41.3 µg/L). Significant correlation (r = 0.425; p < 0.001) was found between serum and saliva in ferritin. Ferritin levels were higher in COVID-19 patients in serum and saliva, and the highest values were found in those patients presenting severe symptomatology. In conclusion, ferritin in saliva has the potential to be a biomarker to evaluate severity in patients with COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8751062 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87510622022-01-12 Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 Franco-Martínez, Lorena Cerón, José J. Vicente-Romero, María R. Bernal, Enrique Torres Cantero, Alberto Tecles, Fernando Sánchez Resalt, Cristina Martínez, Mónica Tvarijonaviciute, Asta Martínez-Subiela, Silvia Int J Environ Res Public Health Article High ferritin serum levels can be found in patients with macrophage activation syndrome, and increased serum ferritin due to cytokine storm have been reported in severe COVID-19 patients. Saliva is being increasingly used in COVID-19 tests as a diagnostic sample for virus detection and quantification. This study aimed to evaluate the possible changes in ferritin in saliva in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of different inactivation SARS-CoV-2 treatments in ferritin measurements in saliva, the correlation between ferritin in saliva and serum, and the possible effects of correction of ferritin values by total protein were assessed. Ferritin was measured in saliva from healthy (n = 30) and COVID-19 (n = 65) patients with severe, (n = 18) or mild (n = 47) disease, depending on the need for nasal flow oxygen or assisted respiration. Ferritin was also measured in paired serum and saliva samples (n = 32) from healthy and COVID-19 patients. The evaluated inactivation protocols did not affect the assay’s results except the addition of 0.5% SDS. Significantly higher ferritin was found in the saliva of COVID-19 patients (median; 25–75th percentile) (27.75; 9.77–52.2 µg/L), compared with healthy controls (4.21; 2.6–8.08 µg/L). Individuals with severe COVID-19 showed higher ferritin values in saliva (48.7; 18.7–53.9) than mild ones (15.5; 5.28–41.3 µg/L). Significant correlation (r = 0.425; p < 0.001) was found between serum and saliva in ferritin. Ferritin levels were higher in COVID-19 patients in serum and saliva, and the highest values were found in those patients presenting severe symptomatology. In conclusion, ferritin in saliva has the potential to be a biomarker to evaluate severity in patients with COVID-19. MDPI 2021-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8751062/ /pubmed/35010300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010041 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Franco-Martínez, Lorena Cerón, José J. Vicente-Romero, María R. Bernal, Enrique Torres Cantero, Alberto Tecles, Fernando Sánchez Resalt, Cristina Martínez, Mónica Tvarijonaviciute, Asta Martínez-Subiela, Silvia Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title | Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title_full | Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title_short | Salivary Ferritin Changes in Patients with COVID-19 |
title_sort | salivary ferritin changes in patients with covid-19 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8751062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35010300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010041 |
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