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Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very importan...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8754318/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35020762 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261946 |
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author | Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale Gomes Olivindo, Rodrigo Fernando Zafalon, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Rentas, Mariana Fragoso Zanini, Lucca Denuci Amaral, Andressa Rodrigues Pedrinelli, Vivian de Oliveira, Vinicius Vasques Risolia, Larissa Wünsche Teixeira, Fabio Alves Brunetto, Márcio Antonio |
author_facet | Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale Gomes Olivindo, Rodrigo Fernando Zafalon, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Rentas, Mariana Fragoso Zanini, Lucca Denuci Amaral, Andressa Rodrigues Pedrinelli, Vivian de Oliveira, Vinicius Vasques Risolia, Larissa Wünsche Teixeira, Fabio Alves Brunetto, Márcio Antonio |
author_sort | Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight(0.75). The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal’s current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight(0.75)) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW(0.75)) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW(0.75)) and other purebreds (65.27xTW(0.75)). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8754318 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87543182022-01-13 Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale Gomes Olivindo, Rodrigo Fernando Zafalon, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Rentas, Mariana Fragoso Zanini, Lucca Denuci Amaral, Andressa Rodrigues Pedrinelli, Vivian de Oliveira, Vinicius Vasques Risolia, Larissa Wünsche Teixeira, Fabio Alves Brunetto, Márcio Antonio PLoS One Research Article Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight(0.75). The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal’s current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight(0.75)) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW(0.75)) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW(0.75)) and other purebreds (65.27xTW(0.75)). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs. Public Library of Science 2022-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8754318/ /pubmed/35020762 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261946 Text en © 2022 Vendramini et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale Gomes Olivindo, Rodrigo Fernando Zafalon, Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Rentas, Mariana Fragoso Zanini, Lucca Denuci Amaral, Andressa Rodrigues Pedrinelli, Vivian de Oliveira, Vinicius Vasques Risolia, Larissa Wünsche Teixeira, Fabio Alves Brunetto, Márcio Antonio Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title | Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title_full | Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title_fullStr | Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title_short | Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
title_sort | profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8754318/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35020762 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261946 |
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