Predictors of 6-month Mortality in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Study in Pakistani Population

OBJECTIVES: For Southern Asian countries like Pakistan, there is inadequate evidence of risk factors associated with mortality in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) cases. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate predictors of 6-months mortality of patients presenting with NSTE-ACS. METHODS: For this prospective observational study we recruited adult patients diagnosed with NSTE-ACS at a tertiary cardiac center. All he patients were followed-up after six months and survival status was recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed for six-month mortality and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. RESULTS: Six-month follow-up was successful for 280 patients. On univariate analysis age >65 years, increased heart rate, cardiac arrest at presentation, Killip class II–IV at presentation, and diabetes were found to be associated with increased risk of 6-months mortality with OR [95% CI] of 4.27 [1.9–9.58], 1.25 [1.1–1.41], 139.44 [16.9–1150.78], 68.45 [7.88–594.41], and 2.35 [1.06–5.22] respectively. On multivariable analysis Killip class II–IV at presentation, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score of >4, and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score ≥150 were found to be independent predictors of mortality after six months of NSTE-ACS with adjusted OR of 32.93 [2.65–408.8], 3.42 [1.35–8.66], and 8.43 [3.33–21.38] respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with NSTE-ACS, our study showed seven clinical parameters to be associated with an increased risk of 6-month mortality. These included increasing age, increased heart rate, cardiac arrest at presentation, Killip class II–IV, diabetes, TIMI score of >4 and GRACE score of >150. Thereby aiding clinicians to apply strategic and precise interventions in monitoring these patients accordingly.