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Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness that manifests in sex-influenced ways. Men and women may experience depression differently and also respond to various antidepressant treatments in sex-influenced ways. Ketamine, which is now being used as a rapid-acting antidepressant,...

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Autores principales: Ponton, Ethan, Turecki, Gustavo, Nagy, Corina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8756094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34894233
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab082
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author Ponton, Ethan
Turecki, Gustavo
Nagy, Corina
author_facet Ponton, Ethan
Turecki, Gustavo
Nagy, Corina
author_sort Ponton, Ethan
collection PubMed
description Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness that manifests in sex-influenced ways. Men and women may experience depression differently and also respond to various antidepressant treatments in sex-influenced ways. Ketamine, which is now being used as a rapid-acting antidepressant, is likely the same. To date, the majority of studies investigating treatment outcomes in MDD do not disaggregate the findings in males and females, and this is also true for ketamine. This review aims to highlight that gap by exploring pre-clinical data—at a behavioral, molecular, and structural level—and recent clinical trials. Sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, influence the response at all levels examined, and sex is therefore a critical factor to examine when looking at ketamine response. Taken together, the data show females are more sensitive to ketamine than males, and it might be possible to monitor the phase of the menstrual cycle to mitigate some risks associated with the use of ketamine for females with MDD. Based on the studies reviewed in this article, we suggest that ketamine should be administered adhering to sex-specific considerations.
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spelling pubmed-87560942022-01-13 Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression Ponton, Ethan Turecki, Gustavo Nagy, Corina Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Review Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness that manifests in sex-influenced ways. Men and women may experience depression differently and also respond to various antidepressant treatments in sex-influenced ways. Ketamine, which is now being used as a rapid-acting antidepressant, is likely the same. To date, the majority of studies investigating treatment outcomes in MDD do not disaggregate the findings in males and females, and this is also true for ketamine. This review aims to highlight that gap by exploring pre-clinical data—at a behavioral, molecular, and structural level—and recent clinical trials. Sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, influence the response at all levels examined, and sex is therefore a critical factor to examine when looking at ketamine response. Taken together, the data show females are more sensitive to ketamine than males, and it might be possible to monitor the phase of the menstrual cycle to mitigate some risks associated with the use of ketamine for females with MDD. Based on the studies reviewed in this article, we suggest that ketamine should be administered adhering to sex-specific considerations. Oxford University Press 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8756094/ /pubmed/34894233 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab082 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review
Ponton, Ethan
Turecki, Gustavo
Nagy, Corina
Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title_full Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title_fullStr Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title_short Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression
title_sort sex differences in the behavioral, molecular, and structural effects of ketamine treatment in depression
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8756094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34894233
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab082
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