Acute kidney injury in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients receiving sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study

The present retrospective study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. We identified 171,622 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; among them, 476 (0.3%) patients developed acute kidney injury. The hazard ratio for acute kidney injury occurrence risk was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for patient characteristics at baseline and use of concomitant agents. In the adjusted model, patients who developed acute kidney injury were mostly men, aged ≥65 years, had lower body mass index, had a history of heart failure and used diuretics more frequently than those who did not. These findings suggest that associated clinical risk factors should be thoroughly evaluated before administering sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to minimize acute kidney injury onset.