Sleep-related hypoventilation and hypercapnia in multiple system atrophy detected by polysomnography with transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate sleep-related hypoventilation in multiple system atrophy (MSA) using polysomnography (PSG) with transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO(2)) monitoring. METHODS: This prospective study included 34 patients with MSA. Motor and autonomic function, neuropsychological tests, PSG with PtcCO(2) monitoring, and pulmonary function tests were performed. Sleep-related hypoventilation disorder (SRHD) was defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition. RESULTS: Nine (27%) of the 34 patients met the diagnostic criteria of SRHD. Twenty-nine (85%) patients had sleep-related breathing disorders based on an Apnea–Hypopnea Index of ≥ 5/h. The patients with MSA and SRHD had a higher arousal index (p = 0.017) and obstructive apnea index (p = 0.041) than those without SRHD. There was no difference in the daytime partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood or respiratory function between MSA patients with and without SRHD. CONCLUSION: Sleep-related hypoventilation may occur in patients with MSA even with a normal daytime partial pressure of carbon dioxide. This can be noninvasively detected by PSG with PtcCO(2) monitoring. SRBD and sleep-related hypoventilation are common among patients with MSA, and clinicians should take this into consideration while evaluating and treating this population. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11325-022-02568-4.