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Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients
Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the main causes of periodontitis. E-cigarette are gaining in popularity, and studies are needed to better understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Objective: To perform a longitudinal study to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on periodonta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8757783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.729144 |
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author | Xu, Fangxi Aboseria, Eman Janal, Malvin N. Pushalkar, Smruti Bederoff, Maria V. Vasconcelos, Rebeca Sapru, Sakshi Paul, Bidisha Queiroz, Erica Makwana, Shreya Solarewicz, Julia Guo, Yuqi Aguallo, Deanna Gomez, Claudia Shelly, Donna Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon Gordon, Terry Corby, Patricia M. Kamer, Angela R. Li, Xin Saxena, Deepak |
author_facet | Xu, Fangxi Aboseria, Eman Janal, Malvin N. Pushalkar, Smruti Bederoff, Maria V. Vasconcelos, Rebeca Sapru, Sakshi Paul, Bidisha Queiroz, Erica Makwana, Shreya Solarewicz, Julia Guo, Yuqi Aguallo, Deanna Gomez, Claudia Shelly, Donna Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon Gordon, Terry Corby, Patricia M. Kamer, Angela R. Li, Xin Saxena, Deepak |
author_sort | Xu, Fangxi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the main causes of periodontitis. E-cigarette are gaining in popularity, and studies are needed to better understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Objective: To perform a longitudinal study to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on periodontal health. Methods: Naïve E-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers were recruited using newspaper and social media. Age, gender, and ethnicity, were recorded. Participants were scheduled for two visits 6 months apart. At each visit, we collected data on the frequency and magnitude of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and alcohol consumption. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels, cotinine levels, salivary flow rate, periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were also determined at both baseline and follow-up visits and compared between groups with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Periodontal diagnosis and other categorical variables were compared between groups with the chi-square statistic and logistic regression. Results: We screened 159 subjects and recruited 119 subjects. One-hundred-one subjects (31 cigarette smokers, 32 e-cigarette smokers, and 38 non-smokers) completed every assessment in both visits. The retention and compliance rate of subjects was 84.9%. The use of social media and craigslist was significant in recruiting e-cigarette subjects. Ethnicity and race differed between groups, as did average age in the male subjects. Carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine levels were highest among cigarette smokers. Bleeding on probing and average PDs similarly increased over time in all three groups, but CAL uniquely increased in e-cigarette smokers. Rates of severe periodontal disease were higher in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users than non-smokers, but interpretation is confounded by the older age of the cigarette smokers. Conclusion: Among the recruited participants, CAL after 6 months was significantly worse only in the e-cigarette smokers. This study design and protocol will assist in future larger studies on e-cigarette and oral health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8757783 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87577832022-01-18 Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients Xu, Fangxi Aboseria, Eman Janal, Malvin N. Pushalkar, Smruti Bederoff, Maria V. Vasconcelos, Rebeca Sapru, Sakshi Paul, Bidisha Queiroz, Erica Makwana, Shreya Solarewicz, Julia Guo, Yuqi Aguallo, Deanna Gomez, Claudia Shelly, Donna Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon Gordon, Terry Corby, Patricia M. Kamer, Angela R. Li, Xin Saxena, Deepak Front Oral Health Oral Health Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the main causes of periodontitis. E-cigarette are gaining in popularity, and studies are needed to better understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Objective: To perform a longitudinal study to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on periodontal health. Methods: Naïve E-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers were recruited using newspaper and social media. Age, gender, and ethnicity, were recorded. Participants were scheduled for two visits 6 months apart. At each visit, we collected data on the frequency and magnitude of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and alcohol consumption. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels, cotinine levels, salivary flow rate, periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were also determined at both baseline and follow-up visits and compared between groups with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Periodontal diagnosis and other categorical variables were compared between groups with the chi-square statistic and logistic regression. Results: We screened 159 subjects and recruited 119 subjects. One-hundred-one subjects (31 cigarette smokers, 32 e-cigarette smokers, and 38 non-smokers) completed every assessment in both visits. The retention and compliance rate of subjects was 84.9%. The use of social media and craigslist was significant in recruiting e-cigarette subjects. Ethnicity and race differed between groups, as did average age in the male subjects. Carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine levels were highest among cigarette smokers. Bleeding on probing and average PDs similarly increased over time in all three groups, but CAL uniquely increased in e-cigarette smokers. Rates of severe periodontal disease were higher in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users than non-smokers, but interpretation is confounded by the older age of the cigarette smokers. Conclusion: Among the recruited participants, CAL after 6 months was significantly worse only in the e-cigarette smokers. This study design and protocol will assist in future larger studies on e-cigarette and oral health. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8757783/ /pubmed/35048050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.729144 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xu, Aboseria, Janal, Pushalkar, Bederoff, Vasconcelos, Sapru, Paul, Queiroz, Makwana, Solarewicz, Guo, Aguallo, Gomez, Shelly, Aphinyanaphongs, Gordon, Corby, Kamer, Li and Saxena. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oral Health Xu, Fangxi Aboseria, Eman Janal, Malvin N. Pushalkar, Smruti Bederoff, Maria V. Vasconcelos, Rebeca Sapru, Sakshi Paul, Bidisha Queiroz, Erica Makwana, Shreya Solarewicz, Julia Guo, Yuqi Aguallo, Deanna Gomez, Claudia Shelly, Donna Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon Gordon, Terry Corby, Patricia M. Kamer, Angela R. Li, Xin Saxena, Deepak Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title | Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title_full | Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title_fullStr | Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title_short | Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients |
title_sort | comparative effects of e-cigarette aerosol on periodontium of periodontitis patients |
topic | Oral Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8757783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.729144 |
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