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Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition triggered by selected oral microbiota; thus treatment strategies should be aimed at reducing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria. An obstacle to preclinical testing of such strategies is the availability of reliable animal models. Here, a non-human pri...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8757802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.752929 |
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author | Gui, Qin Lyons, Denver J. Deeb, Janina Golob Belvin, B. Ross Hoffman, Paul S. Lewis, Janina P. |
author_facet | Gui, Qin Lyons, Denver J. Deeb, Janina Golob Belvin, B. Ross Hoffman, Paul S. Lewis, Janina P. |
author_sort | Gui, Qin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition triggered by selected oral microbiota; thus treatment strategies should be aimed at reducing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria. An obstacle to preclinical testing of such strategies is the availability of reliable animal models. Here, a non-human primate (NHP), Macaca mulatta, was used to examine the effectiveness of a novel antimicrobial, amixicile, which inhibits pyruvate–ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) present in anaerobic bacteria. Animals were assessed for their periodontal health, including radiography, clinical attachment loss (CAL), presence of plaque (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD), and sampled for saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and subgingival plaque to determine their baseline clinical status. Amixicile was then administered for 2 weeks (40 mg/kg/day) and the animals were monitored for periodontal health immediately after the antibiotic treatment, then at 1 month-, 3 months-, and 6-months posttreatment. Microbial species present in plaque and saliva were determined through 16S rDNA sequencing. Baseline assessment of the microbiome has shown a significant proportion of bacteria belonging to the Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, Gemella, and Fusobacterium genera. The abundance of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium was reduced following treatment with amixicile, whereas that of Escherichia, Haemophilus, and Gemella were elevated. CAL, PD, and BOP were also significantly reduced following the treatment. In conclusion, the NHP model proves useful for preclinical studies of strategies targeting selected members of the oral microbiome. We show that amixicile reduces the levels of anaerobic bacteria under in vivo conditions, correlating with a reduction in CAL, PD, and BOP, thus validating its usefulness as an antimicrobial strategy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8757802 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87578022022-01-18 Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy Gui, Qin Lyons, Denver J. Deeb, Janina Golob Belvin, B. Ross Hoffman, Paul S. Lewis, Janina P. Front Oral Health Oral Health Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition triggered by selected oral microbiota; thus treatment strategies should be aimed at reducing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria. An obstacle to preclinical testing of such strategies is the availability of reliable animal models. Here, a non-human primate (NHP), Macaca mulatta, was used to examine the effectiveness of a novel antimicrobial, amixicile, which inhibits pyruvate–ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) present in anaerobic bacteria. Animals were assessed for their periodontal health, including radiography, clinical attachment loss (CAL), presence of plaque (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD), and sampled for saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and subgingival plaque to determine their baseline clinical status. Amixicile was then administered for 2 weeks (40 mg/kg/day) and the animals were monitored for periodontal health immediately after the antibiotic treatment, then at 1 month-, 3 months-, and 6-months posttreatment. Microbial species present in plaque and saliva were determined through 16S rDNA sequencing. Baseline assessment of the microbiome has shown a significant proportion of bacteria belonging to the Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, Gemella, and Fusobacterium genera. The abundance of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium was reduced following treatment with amixicile, whereas that of Escherichia, Haemophilus, and Gemella were elevated. CAL, PD, and BOP were also significantly reduced following the treatment. In conclusion, the NHP model proves useful for preclinical studies of strategies targeting selected members of the oral microbiome. We show that amixicile reduces the levels of anaerobic bacteria under in vivo conditions, correlating with a reduction in CAL, PD, and BOP, thus validating its usefulness as an antimicrobial strategy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8757802/ /pubmed/35048063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.752929 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gui, Lyons, Deeb, Belvin, Hoffman and Lewis. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oral Health Gui, Qin Lyons, Denver J. Deeb, Janina Golob Belvin, B. Ross Hoffman, Paul S. Lewis, Janina P. Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title | Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title_full | Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title_fullStr | Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title_short | Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-periodontitis Therapy |
title_sort | non-human primate macaca mulatta as an animal model for testing efficacy of amixicile as a targeted anti-periodontitis therapy |
topic | Oral Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8757802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/froh.2021.752929 |
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